Inks and printing oils are liquids used for printing on various surfaces such as paper, plastic, metal, and textiles. They are composed of various components, including pigments, resins, solvents, and additives. Inks and printing oils can be classified into different types based on the type of printing process, such as lithography, flexography, gravure, screen printing, and digital printing. The formulation of the ink or printing oil depends on the printing process and the surface to be printed. For example, ink used for printing on paper may differ from the ink used for printing on plastic. Inks and printing oils are widely used in the packaging, publishing, advertising, and textile industries.