What is the role of 1-Octadecanol in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals?

1-Octadecanol, also known as octadecyl alcohol or stearyl alcohol, is a white crystalline solid with a waxy texture and a pleasant aroma. It has low volatility and is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform, alcohols, ethers, acetone, and benzene.

Characteristics and Uses

1-Octadecanol is primarily used as an emulsifying stabilizer and emollient in cosmetics and skincare products. It has a safety factor of 1, making it relatively safe for use. However, it can cause acne and may be irritating for individuals with sensitive skin. Pregnant women can generally use products containing 1-Octadecanol without any adverse effects.

1-Octadecanol is a high-level fatty alcohol that can be used as a co-emulsifier. It can form stable oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions when combined with O/W emulsifiers, increasing the stability of the emulsion. It can also be combined with water-in-oil (W/O) emulsifiers to create stable W/O emulsions. When used in combination with cetyl alcohol, it can adjust the viscosity and softening point of products while providing good lubrication to the skin. It does not cause acute irritation or allergies.

Applications in Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics

1-Octadecanol is used as an emulsifying stabilizer in face creams and cleansers. It acts as a modifier in lip balms. It is added to ointment bases and cream emulsions as an additive. When used in cosmetics, it enhances the smoothness of the skin. It is also used as an auxiliary agent in emulsifiers.

Preparation

1-Octadecanol is prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of stearic acid or certain fats.

Toxicity

1-Octadecanol is considered to have low toxicity.