Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C8H9NO2. It is a medication that falls under the class of analgesics (pain relievers) and antipyretics (fever reducers). Structurally, acetaminophen is a para-aminophenol derivative. In terms of physical properties, acetaminophen is a white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water. It is commonly available in various formulations, including tablets, capsules, and liquid suspensions, for oral administration.
Acetaminophen is widely used to alleviate pain and reduce fever. It is known for its effectiveness in relieving mild to moderate pain, such as headaches, muscle aches, and toothaches. Unlike nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen does not have significant anti-inflammatory properties.
The exact mechanism of action of acetaminophen is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve the inhibition of an enzyme called cyclooxygenase (COX) in the central nervous system. This enzyme is involved in the production of prostaglandins, which play a role in pain perception and regulation of body temperature.
Acetaminophen is considered a safer option for pain relief in individuals who cannot tolerate NSAIDs due to factors such as gastric ulcers or bleeding disorders.
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