1.Identification
1.1 GHS Product identifier
| Product name | formic acid |
|---|
1.2 Other means of identification
| Product number | - |
|---|---|
| Other names | formic |
1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use
| Identified uses | For industry use only. Preservatives and Antioxidants;Processing Aids and Additives |
|---|---|
| Uses advised against | no data available |
1.4 Supplier's details
| Company | XiXisys.com |
|---|---|
| Address | XiXisys.com |
| Telephone | XiXisys.com |
| Fax | XiXisys.com |
1.5 Emergency phone number
| Emergency phone number | - |
|---|---|
| Service hours | Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours). |
2.Hazard identification
2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture
Skin corrosion, Category 1A
2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements
| Pictogram(s) |  |
|---|---|
| Signal word | Danger |
| Hazard statement(s) | H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| Prevention | P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. |
| Response | P301+P330+P331 IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. P303+P361+P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water [or shower]. P363 Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026 P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label). P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. |
| Storage | P405 Store locked up. |
| Disposal | P501 Dispose of contents/container to ... |
2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification
none
3.Composition/information on ingredients
3.1 Substances
| Chemical name | Common names and synonyms | CAS number | EC number | Concentration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| formic acid | formic acid | 64-18-6 | none | 100% |
4.First-aid measures
4.1 Description of necessary first-aid measures
General advice
Consult a physician. Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
If inhaled
Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.
In case of skin contact
Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .
In case of eye contact
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.
If swallowed
Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .
4.2 Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed
Liquid causes skin and eye burns. Vapors are irritating and painful to breath. Vapor exposure may cause nausea and vomiting. (USCG, 1999)
4.3 Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed, if necessary
... Hemodialysis accelerates both the elimination of both methanol and formic acid and also assists in correction of metabolic acidosis. Experimental data suggests that the administration of folic acid may be of benefit by hastening the metabolism of formic acid to carbon dioxide. Prompt ... /treatment/ can probably decr the morbidity and mortality /associated with this form/ of poisoning.
5.Fire-fighting measures
5.1 Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing media
Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
5.2 Specific hazards arising from the chemical
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic vapor generated in fires (USCG, 1999)
5.3 Special protective actions for fire-fighters
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
6.Accidental release measures
6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. For personal protection see section 8.
6.2 Environmental precautions
Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Cautiously neutralize spilled liquid with weak alkaline solution such as disodium carbonate. Then wash away with plenty of water.
6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Spill or leak procedures: Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors and protect personnel. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal. Neutralize spill and washings with soda ash or lime.
7.Handling and storage
7.1 Precautions for safe handling
Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. For precautions see section 2.2.
7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases, strong acids and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.Store in a dry, well-ventilated place. Separate from oxidizing materials and alkaline substances.
8.Exposure controls/personal protection
8.1 Control parameters
Occupational Exposure limit values
Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 5 ppm (9 mg/cu m).
Biological limit values
no data available
8.2 Appropriate engineering controls
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
8.3 Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment (PPE)
Eye/face protection
Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection
Wear impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace. Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique(without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it.
Respiratory protection
Wear dust mask when handling large quantities.
Thermal hazards
no data available
9.Physical and chemical properties
| Physical state | colorless liquid with a pungent odor |
|---|---|
| Colour | Colorless fuming liquid |
| Odour | Pungent, penetrating odor |
| Melting point/ freezing point | 8\u00b0C(lit.) |
| Boiling point or initial boiling point and boiling range | 100-101\u00b0C(lit.) |
| Flammability | Class II Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 37.78\u00b0C and below 60\u00b0C. (90% solution)Combustible. |
| Lower and upper explosion limit / flammability limit | Lower flammable limit: 18% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 57% by volume |
| Flash point | 49\u00b0C |
| Auto-ignition temperature | 540\u00b0C |
| Decomposition temperature | no data available |
| pH | no data available |
| Kinematic viscosity | 1.607 mPas at 25\u00b0C |
| Solubility | In water:MISCIBLE |
| Partition coefficient n-octanol/water (log value) | no data available |
| Vapour pressure | 52 mm Hg ( 37 \u00b0C) |
| Density and/or relative density | 1.22g/mLat 25\u00b0C(lit.) |
| Relative vapour density | 1.03 (vs air) |
| Particle characteristics | no data available |
10.Stability and reactivity
10.1 Reactivity
no data available
10.2 Chemical stability
May deteriorate in normal storage and cause hazard.
10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions
Combustible liquid when wxposed to heat or flame ... .FORMIC ACID reacts exothmerically with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic. Reacts with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Reacts with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Reacts with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides to generate flammable or toxic gases. Reacts with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates to generate carbon dioxide but still heat. Can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. May initiate polymerization reactions or catalyze other chemical reactions. A mixture with furfuryl alcohol exploded [Chem. Eng. News 18:72(1940)].
10.4 Conditions to avoid
no data available
10.5 Incompatible materials
/Aluminium/ ... reduces the acid (itself a reducant) with incandescence.
10.6 Hazardous decomposition products
The substance decomposes on heating and on contact with strong acids (sulfuric acid) producing carbon monoxide.
11.Toxicological information
Acute toxicity
- Oral: LD50 Dog oral 4000 mg/kg
- Inhalation: LC50 Mouse inhalation 6200 mg/cu m /15 min
- Dermal: no data available
Skin corrosion/irritation
no data available
Serious eye damage/irritation
no data available
Respiratory or skin sensitization
no data available
Germ cell mutagenicity
no data available
Carcinogenicity
no data available
Reproductive toxicity
no data available
STOT-single exposure
no data available
STOT-repeated exposure
no data available
Aspiration hazard
no data available
12.Ecological information
12.1 Toxicity
- Toxicity to fish: LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill); Concentration: 175 mg/L for 24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined
- Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates: LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Concentration: 34 mg/L for 24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined
- Toxicity to algae: EC50; Species: Scenedesmus subspicatus (Green algae); Concentration: 26.9 mg/L for 72 hr; Effect: cell multiplication inhibition /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined
- Toxicity to microorganisms: no data available
12.2 Persistence and degradability
AEROBIC: Formic acid biodegrades readily in screening tests(1-9). Specific results include: 4.3 and 38.8% of theoretical BOD after 5 and 10 days using a sewage inoculum(1); 43.7-77.6% of theoretical BOD after 5 days with a sewage inoculum(2); 70% of theoretical BOD in 24 hours using activated sludge(3); 66% of theoretical BOD in 12 hours using an activated sludge inoculum(4); 39.9% of theoretical BOD in 24 hours with activated sludge(5); 48 and 51% of theoretical BOD after 5 days with unacclimated and acclimated sewage inoculum, respectively(6); and 40.5 and 51.7% of theoretical BOD after 5 days with sewage inocula in fresh water and synthetic seawater, respectively(7). Microorganisms are present in the air that can degrade formate in rainwater(8). Formic acid, present at 100 mg/L, reached 110% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(9).
12.3 Bioaccumulative potential
An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for formic acid(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.54(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).
12.4 Mobility in soil
The Koc of formic acid is estimated as 1(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.54(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that formic acid is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of formic acid is 3.75(4), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).
12.5 Other adverse effects
no data available
13.Disposal considerations
13.1 Disposal methods
Product
The material can be disposed of by removal to a licensed chemical destruction plant or by controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing. Do not contaminate water, foodstuffs, feed or seed by storage or disposal. Do not discharge to sewer systems.
Contaminated packaging
Containers can be triply rinsed (or equivalent) and offered for recycling or reconditioning. Alternatively, the packaging can be punctured to make it unusable for other purposes and then be disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing is possible for combustible packaging materials.
14.Transport information
14.1 UN Number
| ADR/RID: UN1779 | IMDG: UN1779 | IATA: UN1779 |
14.2 UN Proper Shipping Name
| ADR/RID: FORMIC ACID with more than 85% acid by mass |
| IMDG: FORMIC ACID with more than 85% acid by mass |
| IATA: FORMIC ACID with more than 85% acid by mass |
14.3 Transport hazard class(es)
| ADR/RID: 3 | IMDG: 3 | IATA: 3 |
14.4 Packing group, if applicable
| ADR/RID: II | IMDG: II | IATA: II |
14.5 Environmental hazards
| ADR/RID: no | IMDG: no | IATA: no |
14.6 Special precautions for user
no data available
14.7 Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 and the IBC Code
no data available
15.Regulatory information
15.1 Safety, health and environmental regulations specific for the product in question
| Chemical name | Common names and synonyms | CAS number | EC number |
|---|---|---|---|
| formic acid | formic acid | 64-18-6 | none |
| European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS) | Listed. | ||
| EC Inventory | Listed. | ||
| United States Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Inventory | Listed. | ||
| China Catalog of Hazardous chemicals 2015 | Listed. | ||
| New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC) | Listed. | ||
| Philippines Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances (PICCS) | Listed. | ||
| Vietnam National Chemical Inventory | Listed. | ||
| Chinese Chemical Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (China IECSC) | Listed. | ||
16.Other information
Information on revision
| Creation Date | Aug 12, 2017 |
|---|---|
| Revision Date | Aug 12, 2017 |
Abbreviations and acronyms
- CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
- ADR: European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
- RID: Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
- IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods
- IATA: International Air Transportation Association
- TWA: Time Weighted Average
- STEL: Short term exposure limit
- LC50: Lethal Concentration 50%
- LD50: Lethal Dose 50%
- EC50: Effective Concentration 50%
References
- IPCS - The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC), website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.home
- HSDB - Hazardous Substances Data Bank, website: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/hsdb.htm
- IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer, website: http://www.iarc.fr/
- eChemPortal - The Global Portal to Information on Chemical Substances by OECD, website: http://www.echemportal.org/echemportal/index?pageID=0&request_locale=en
- CAMEO Chemicals, website: http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/search/simple
- ChemIDplus, website: http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp
- ERG - Emergency Response Guidebook by U.S. Department of Transportation, website: http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg
- Germany GESTIS-database on hazard substance, website: http://www.dguv.de/ifa/gestis/gestis-stoffdatenbank/index-2.jsp
- ECHA - European Chemicals Agency, website: https://echa.europa.eu/