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Carbon disulfide structure

Carbon disulfide
  • CAS：75-15-0
  • MW:76.1407
  • MF：CS2
Pure carbon disulphide is a colourless liquid with a pleasant odour similar to that of chloroform, while the impure carbon disulphide is a yellowish liquid with an unpleasant odour, like that of rotting radishes. Exposure to carbon disulphide occurs in industrial workplaces. Industries associated with coal gasification plants release more of carbon disulphide, carbonyl sulphide, and hydrogen sulphide. Carbon disulphide is used in large quantities as an industrial chemical for the production of viscose rayon fibres. In fact, the major source of environmental pollution both indoor and outdoor by carbon disulphide is caused by emission released into the air from viscose plants. View more+
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1. Names and Identifiers
1.1 Name
Carbon disulfide
1.2 Synonyms
Alcohol of sulfur; Carbon bisulfuret; Carbon bisulphide; Carbon disulphide; Carbon sulfide; Carbon sulfide (CS2); Carbon sulphide; carbonbisulfide,refined; carbonbisulphide; EINECS 200-843-6; MFCD00011321;
1.3 CAS No.
75-15-0
1.4 CID
6348
1.5 EINECS
200-843-6
1.6 Molecular Formula
CS2
1.7 Inchi
InChI=1S/CS2/c2-1-3
1.8 InChkey
QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
1.9 Canonical Smiles
C(=S)=S
1.10 Isomers Smiles
C(=S)=S
2. Properties
2.1 Vapour pressure
2.67 (vs air)
2.2 Solubility
Soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, oil, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.
2.3 Viscosity
Coefficient of viscosity = 0.363 at 20 °C
2.4 VaporDensity
2.67 (vs air)
2.5 Appearance
colourless to light yellow liquid with an unpleasant odour
2.6 Storage
carbondisulfide should be used only in areas free of ignition sources (including hot plates,incandescent light bulbs, and steam baths), and this substance should be stored intightly sealed metal containers in areas separate from oxidizers.
2.7 Autoignition Temperature
212 °F (USCG, 1999)
2.8 Chemical Properties
Carbon disulfide (carbon bisulfide; CS2; CASRN 75-15-0), in its pure form is a colorless liquid that evaporates readily at room temperature, with a sweet aromatic odor similar to that of chloroform. In its impure commercial and reagent form, however, carbon disulfide is a yellowish liquid with a foulsmelling odor. It can be detected by odor at about 1 ppm but the sense of smell fatigues rapidly and, therefore, odor does not serve as a good warning property. It has a vapor pressure of 297mmHg and solubility in water by weight of 0.3% at 20 °C (68 °F). Once carbon disulfide is in the air it will break down into simpler substances within a few days after release (OEHHA, 2001).
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2.9 Physical Properties
Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid; ethereal odor when pure. Technical grades have strong, foul,rotten, radish-like odor. Leonardos et al. (1969) reported an odor threshold in air of 210 ppbv.
2.10 Color/Form
≤10(APHA)
2.11 Corrosivity
Carbon disulfide is normally stored and handled in mild steel equipment. ... Copper and copper alloys are attacked by carbon disulfide and must be avoided.
2.12 Decomposition
Decomposes on standing for a long time.
2.13 Flammability and Explosibility
Carbon disulfide is extremely flammable and is a dangerous fire hazard (NFPArating = 3). It is has a high vapor pressure and extremely low autoignitiontemperature. Its vapor is heavier than air and can travel a considerable distance to asource of ignition and flash back. The vapor forms explosive mixtures in air atconcentrations of 1.3 to 50%. Carbon disulfide can be ignited by hot surfaces such assteam baths that would ordinarily not constitute an ignition source for otherflammable vapors. Rust (iron oxide) may increase the likelihood of ignition by hotsurfaces. Carbon disulfide fires should be extinguished with CO2 or dry chemicalextinguishers.
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2.14 Heat of Combustion
-5814 btu/lb = -3230 cal/g = -135.2X10+5 J/kg
2.15 Heat of Vaporization
84.1 cal/g at BP
2.16 HenrysLawConstant
0.01 atm-m3/mole
2.17 Ionization Potential
10.08 eV
2.18 Odor
Purest distillates have sweet, pleasing, and ethereal odor ... usual commercial and reagent grades are foul smelling
2.19 Odor Threshold
0.1 TO 0.2 PPM
2.20 Water Solubility
2.9 g/L (20 oC)
2.21 Spectral Properties
Index of refraction = 1.6319 at 20 deg C
IR: 10977 (Sadtler Research Laboratories IR Grating Collection)
UV: 596 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
MASS: 89 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York)
2.22 Stability
Stable. Extremely flammable. Highly volatile. Note low flash point and very wide explosion limits. Protect from heat, friction, shock, sunlight. Reacts violently with fluorine, azide solutions, zinc dust, liquid chlorine in the presence of iron. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, azides, aluminium, zinc, most common met
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2.23 StorageTemp
2-8°C
2.24 Surface Tension
32.25 dynes/cm at 20 °C
3. Use and Manufacturing
3.1 Description
Carbon disulfide (carbon bisulfide; CS2; CASRN 75-15-0), in its pure form is a colorless liquid that evaporates readily at room temperature, with a sweet aromatic odor similar to that of chloroform. In its impure commercial and reagent form, however, carbon disulfide is a yellowish liquid with a foulsmelling odor. It can be detected by odor at about 1 ppm but the sense of smell fatigues rapidly and, therefore, odor does not serve as a good warning property. It has a vapor pressure of 297mmHg an
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3.2 General Description
Pure carbon disulphide is a colourless liquid with a pleasant odour similar to that of chloroform, while the impure carbon disulphide is a yellowish liquid with an unpleasant odour, like that of rotting radishes. Exposure to carbon disulphide occurs in industrial workplaces. Industries associated with coal gasification plants release more of carbon disulphide, carbonyl sulphide, and hydrogen sulphide. Carbon disulphide is used in large quantities as an industrial chemical for the production of viscose rayon fibres. In fact, the major source of environmental pollution both indoor and outdoor by carbon disulphide is caused by emission released into the air from viscose plants.
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3.3 Potential Exposure
Carbon disulfide is used in the manufacture of viscose rayon; ammonium salts; carbon tetrachloride; carbanilide, xantho genates; flotation agents; soildisinfectants; dyes; electronic vacuum tubes; optical glass;paints, enamels, paint removers; varnishes; varnish removers; tallow, textiles, explosives; rocket fuel; putty; preservatives, and rubber cement; as a solvent for phosphorus,sulfur, selenium, bromine, iodine; alkali cellulose; fats,waxes, lacquers, camphor, resins, and cold vulcanized rubber. It is also used in degreasing; chemical analysis; electroplating; grain fumigation; oil extraction; and drycleaning. It is widely used as a pesticide intermediate.
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3.4 Purification Methods
Shake it for 3hours with three portions of KMnO4 solution (5g/L), twice for 6hours with mercury (to remove sulfide impurities) until no further darkening of the interface occurs, and finally with a solution of HgSO4 (2.5g/L) or cold, saturated HgCl2. Dry it with CaCl2, MgSO4, or CaH2 (with further drying by refluxing over P2O5), followed by fractional distillation in diffuse light. Alkali metals cannot be used as drying agents. It has also been purified by standing with bromine (0.5mL/L) for 3-4hours, shaking rapidly with KOH solution, then copper turnings (to remove unreacted bromine), and drying with CaCl2. CS2 is highly TOXIC and highly FLAMMABLE. Work in a good fumehood. Small quantities of CS2 have been purified (including removal of hydrocarbons) by mechanical agitation of a 45-50g sample with a solution of 130g of sodium sulfide in 150mL of H2O for 24hours at 35-40o. The aqueous sodium thiocarbonate solution is separated from unreacted CS2, then precipitated with 140g of copper sulfate in 350g of water, with cooling. After filtering off the copper thiocarbonate, it is decomposed by passing steam into it. The distillate is separated from H2O and distilled from P2O5. [Ruff & Golla Z Anorg Chem 138 17 1924, Beilstein 3 IV 395.]
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3.5 Shipping
UN1131 Carbon disulfide, Hazard Class: 3;Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, 6.1-Poisonous materials.
3.6 Usage
Manufacture of rayon viscose fibers and cellophane film; solvent for lipids, sulfur, rubber, phosphorus, oils, resins, and waxes; insecticide.
3.7 Waste Disposal
This compound is a very flammable liquid which evaporates rapidly. It burns with a Blueflame to carbon dioxide (harmless) and sulfur dioxide.Sulfur dioxide has a strong suffocating odor; 1000 ppm inair is lethal to rats. The pure liquid presents an acute fire andexplosion hazard. The following disposal procedure is suggested: All equipment or contact surfaces should begrounded to avoid ignition by static charges. Absorb on vermiculite, sand, or ashes and cover with water. Transferunderwater in buckets to an open area. Ignite from a distancewith an excelsior trail. If quantity is large, Carbon disulfidemay be recovered by distillation and repackaged for use.
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4. Safety and Handling
4.1 Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient
log Kow = 1.94
4.2 Fire Hazard
Ignition temperature dangerously low: 212F. Vapors may be ignited by contact with ordinary light bulb, when heated to decomposition, Carbon disulphide emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur. When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of sulfur oxides and can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Avoid air, rust, halogens, metal azides, metals, oxidants; when exposed to heat or flame reacts violently with aluminum, chlorine, azides, hypochlorite, ethylamine diamine, ethylene imine, fluorine, metallic azides of lithium, potassium, cesium, rubidium and sodium, nitrogen oxides, potassium, zinc and (sulfuric acid plus permanganate). Decomposes on standing for a long time.
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4.3 Other Preventative Measures
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.
Areas suspected of high concn of carbon disulfide vapor should not be entered because of the explosion hazard.
... Clothing wet with liquid carbon disulfide should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of carbon disulfide from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the carbon disulfide, the person performing the operation should be informed of carbon disulfide's hazardous properties. Any clothing which becomes wet with liquid carbon disulfide should be removed immediately and not reworn until the carbon disulfide is removed from the clothing. Skin that becomes contaminated with carbon disulfide should be promptly washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any carbon disulfide.
Large spill from a tank or from many containers or drums: First, isolate in all directions 70 feet, then evacuate in a downwind direction 0.2 square miles.
CARBON DISULFIDE SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO ENTER A CONFINED SPACE, SUCH AS A SEWER, BECAUSE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF AN EXPLOSION.
Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. ...
The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.
Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point
SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.
Evacuation: ... If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions.
Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.
Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame - consider evacuation of one-third (1/3) mile radius. ...
NO open flames, NO sparks, and NO smoking. NO contact with hot surfaces ... Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (eg. by grounding). Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling. Do NOT expose to friction or shock ... STRICT HYGIENE! AVOID EXPOSURE OF (PREGNANT) WOMEN ... Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.
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4.4 Cleanup Methods
1. REMOVE ALL IGNITION SOURCES. 2. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL OR LEAK. 3. FOR SMALL QUANTITIES, ABSORB ON PAPER TOWELS. EVAPORATE IN A SAFE PLACE (SUCH AS A FUME HOOD). ALLOW SUFFICIENT TIME FOR EVAPORATING VAPORS TO COMPLETELY CLEAR THE HOOD DUCTWORK. BURN THE PAPER IN A SUITABLE LOCATION AWAY FROM COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS. LARGE QUANTITIES CAN BE RECLAIMED OR COLLECTED AND ATOMIZED IN A SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH AN APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE. CARBON DISULFIDE SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO ENTER A CONFINED SPACE, SUCH AS A SEWER, BECAUSE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF AN EXPLOSION.
Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Apply appropriate foam to diminish vapor and fire hazard.
Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.
Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Combustion products include corrosive or toxic vapors.
Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Remove all ignition sources. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus.
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4.5 DisposalMethods
[40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (7/1/2006)] Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P022, D003, F005, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.
Carbon disulfide is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. A sulfur dioxide scrubber is necessary when combusting significant quantities of carbon disulfide.
A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 deg C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 deg C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 deg C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.
This compound should be susceptible to removal from waste water by air stripping.
Reuse: This cmpd is a very flammable liquid which evaporates readily. It burns ... to carbon dioxide (harmless) and sulfur dioxide. ... The pure liquid presents an acute fire and explosion hazard. ... If quantity is large, carbon disulfide may be recovered by distillation and repackaged for use. Recommendable methods: Evaporation, adsorption, & incineration. Not recommendable method: Landfill. Peer-review: Care. Substance very easily ignited. Landfill is not recommendable due to the high flammability. Evaporate small amt only. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))
Adsorption: The CS2 /carbon disulfide/ adsorption employs activated coal which adsorbs it from the mixture with hydrogen sulfide in the absence of free oxygen. An industrial installation with the capacity to regenerate as much as 80-90% of carbon disulfide contained in the gas-air mixture has been developed.
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4.6 DOT Emergency Guidelines
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Evacuation: ... Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire: CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Large fires: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Spill or Leak: Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Small spills: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. Large spills: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ First Aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water. Keep victim warm and quiet. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
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4.7 Fire Fighting Procedures
To fight fire, use water, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, fog, mist.
Water and foam may be ineffective on fire.
If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish the fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.
... Blanket with water to extinguish fire ...
... Keep drums, etc, cool by spraying with water.
Rescuers should be trained and appropriately attired before entering the Hot Zone. If the proper equipment is not available, or if the rescuers have not been trained in its use, call for assistance from a local or regional hazardous materials (HAZMAT) team or other properly equipped response organization.
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4.8 FirePotential
Carbon disulfide vapor is explosive, igniting spontaneously on contact with sparks or at temperatures above 147 degrees C.
The vapor ignites on contact with fluorine.
Dangerous when exposed to heat, flame, sparks, friction, or oxidizing materials.
The substance may ignite spontaneously on contact with hot surfaces ... Reacts violently with oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard.
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4.9 Safety Profile
A human poison by unspecified route. Mildly toxic to humans by inhalation. An experimental poison by intraperitoneal route. Human reproductive effects on spermatogenesis by inhalation. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. The main toxic effect is on the central nervous system, acting as a narcotic and anesthetic in acute poisoning with death following from respiratory failure. In chronic poisoning, the effect on the nervous system is one of central and peripheral damage, which may be permanent if the damage has been severe. Flammable liquid. A dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, sparks, friction, or oxidning materials. Severe explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Ignition and potentially explosive reaction when heated in contact with rust or iron. Mixtures with sodium or potassiumsodum alloys are powerful, shock-sensitive explosives. Explodes on contact with permanganic acid. Potentially explosive reaction with nitrogen oxide, chlorine (catalyzed by iron). Mixtures with dinitrogen tetraoxide are heat-, spark-, and shocksensitive explosives. Reacts with metal azides to produce shockand heat-sensitive, explosive metal azidodtthioformates. Aluminum powder ignites in CS2 vapor. The vapor ignites on contact with fluorine. Reacts violently with azides, CsN3, Cl0, ethylamine diamine, ethylene imine, Pb(N3)2, LiN3, (H2so4 + permanganates), KN3, RbN3, NaN3, phenylcoppertriphenylphosphine complexes. Incompatible with air, metals, oxidants. To fight fire, use water, CO2, dry chemical, fog, mist. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of SO,.
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4.10 Formulations/Preparations
GENERALLY USED ALONE BUT, FOR SOIL TREATMENT, EMULSIONS OR SOLN WITH ALKALI (THIOCARBONATES) HAVE BEEN MARKETED.
Grade: 99.9%, spectrophotometric
Grades: technical; reagent
Liquid grade
Modern plants generally produce carbon disulfide of about 99.99% purity.
4.11 Incompatibilities
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Also incompatible withchemically active metals (such as sodium, potassium, zinc),azides, organic amines, halogens. May explosively decompose on shock, friction, or concussion. May explode onheating. The substance may spontaneously ignite on contactwith air and on contact with hot surfaces, producing toxicfumes of sulfur dioxide. Reacts violently with oxidants toproduce oxides of sulfur and carbon monoxide, and causingfire and explosion hazard. Attacks some forms of plastic,rubber, and coating.
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4.12 Protective Equipment and Clothing
POSSIBLE EXPOSURE TO FAIRLY HIGH CONCN OF VAPOR (SPLASHING OF LIQUID IN WORKSHOP, CLEANING OR REPAIR OF TANKS) REQUIRES USE OF SAFETY GOGGLES, GAS MASK, APRON, & RUBBER GLOVES.
If the use of respirators is necessary, the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. ... Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight-inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent skin contact. ... Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof safety goggles where liquid carbon disulfide may contact the eyes.
Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.
NIOSH Respirator Recommendations Condition Assigned Protection Factor (APF) NIOSH Respirator Recommendation Up to 10 ppm APF = 10 --Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s). --Any supplied-air respirator. Up to 25 ppm APF = 25 --Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode. --Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor. Up to 50 ppm APF = 50 --Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s). --Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister. --Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s). --Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. --Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. Up to 500 ppm APF = 1,000 --Any supplied-air respirator operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions APF = 10,000 --Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. --Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus. Escape APF = 50 --Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.
Protective gloves. Protective clothing ... Safety goggles, face shield, or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.
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4.13 Reactivities and Incompatibilities
Incompatible with air, metals, and oxidants.
Strong oxidizers; chemically-active metals such as sodium, potassium & zinc; azides; rust; halogens; amines [Note: Vapors may be ignited by contact with ordinary light bulb].
Carbon disulfide vapor, alone or mixed with nitrogen, did not decompose explosively in the range 0.4 to 2.1 bar/88 to 142 deg C when initialized with high energy sparks or a hot wire at 700 to 900 deg C. The endothermic /carbon disulfide/ ... will ... decompose explosively to its elements with mercury fulminate initiation. A screening jacket filled with carbon disulfide was used to surround the reaction tube used in flash photolysis experiments. When the quartz lamp was discharged, some vapor of the disulfide which had leaked out, ignited in the radiation flash and exploded Care is also necessary with the vapor and other UV sources.
Disposal of 2 L ... /carbon disulfide/ solvent into a rusted iron sewer caused an explosion. Initiation of the solvent-air mixture by rust was suspected. A hot gauze falling from a tripod into a lab sink containing some carbon disulfide initiated two explosions. It is a very hazardous solvent because of its extreme volatility and flammability. The vapor or liquid has been known to ignite on contact with steam pipes, particularly if rusted. When a winchester of the solvent fell off a high shelf and broke behind a rusted steel cupboard, ignition occurred.
The bis- or tris-complexes of phenylcopper with triphenylphosphine react violently and exothermically with carbon disulfide, even at 0 deg C.
Carbon disulfide and aq soln of metal azides interact to produce metal azidodithioformates, most of which are explosive with varying degrees of power and sensitivity to shock or heat.
Reacts violently with azides, CsN3, ClO, ethylamine diamine, ethylene imine, Pb(N3)2, LiN3, (water + permanganates), KN3, RbN3, NaN3, phenylcopper-triphenylphosphine complexes.
Mixing carbon disulfide and ethylene diamine in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase.
Reacts with strong oxidizing materials to produces oxides of sulfur and carbon monoxide.
Powdered aluminum burns in the vapor of carbon disulfide ...
When liquid chlorine was added to carbon disulfide in an iron cylinder, an explosion occurred, owing to the iron-catalyzed chlorination of carbon disulfide to carbon tetrachloride. The operation had been done previously in glassware without incident.
Chlorine monoxide explodes in contact with carbon disulfide vapor.
A mixture of nitric oxide with the vapor of carbon disulfide gives a green luminous flame ... These compounds react explosively with emission of light.
Liquid mixtures /of dinitrogen tetraoxide (nitrogen dioxide) and carbon disulfide/ proposed for use as explosives are stable up to 200 deg C, but can be detonated by mercury fulminate, and the vapors by sparking.
The slon of permanganic acid (or its explosive anhydride, dimanganese heptoxide) produced by interaction of permanganates and sulfuric acid, will explode on contact with ... carbon disulfide ...
Heated potassium ignites in the vapor of carbon disulfide. Potassium and carbon disulfide can be exploded by pressure or friction.
Attempts to follow a published procedure for the preparation of 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate salts, involving reductive coupling of carbon disulfide with alkali metals, have led to violent explosions with potassium metal, but not with sodium. However, mixtures of carbon disulfide with potassium-sodium alloy, potassium, sodium, or lithium are capable of detonation by shock, though not by heating. The explosive power decreases in the order given above, and the first mixture is more shock-sensitive than mercury fulminate.
A mixture of powdered zinc and carbon disulfide reacts with incandescence.
During the preparation of chloronitromethane by adding portions of dry sodium aci-nitromethanide to chlorine (40 mmol of each) dissolved in carbon disulfide, a violent explosion occurred when the addition was half-complete. Similar reactions using bromine had been executed uneventfully many times previously ... The sodium salt is known to be explosively unstable, and mixtures of carbon disulfide vapor and air are ... extremely flammable and explosive. Contact of the dry salt with traces of chlorine above its carbon disulfide soln may have led to an exotherm and ignition of the vapor-air mixture in the flask.
... Carbon disulfide vapor ... ignits in contact with fluorine at ambient temperature ...
Attacks some forms of plastic, rubber and coating.
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4.14 Report

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program. Community Right-To-Know List. EPA Extremely Hazardous Substances List.

4.15 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations
Corrosive. Causes severe eye and skin burns. May be harmful if absorbed through skin or inhaled ... Irritating to eyes, skin, and respiratory system.
Local contact results in erythema and pain since carbon disulfide is one of the most potent fat solvents. Prolonged contact produces vesiculation and chemical burns. Severe chemical burns of the cornea result from direct contact with the eyes.
Severely irritating to eyes, skin and mucous membranes. ... Skin sensitization may occur.
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4.16 Safety

Hazard Codes:?F,T
Risk Statements: 11-36/38-48/23-62-63-39/23/24/25-23/24/25?
R11:Highly flammable.?
R23/24/25:Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.?
R36/38:Irritating to eyes and skin.?
R48:Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure.?
R62:Risk of impaired fertility.?
R63:Possible risk of harm to the unborn child.
Safety Statements: 16-33-36/37-45-7?
S7:Keep container tightly closed.?
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition.?
S33:Take precautionary measures against static discharges.?
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.?
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)

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4.17 Specification

?Carbon disulphide , its cas register number is 75-15-0. At very high levels, carbon disulfide may be life-threatening because it affects the nervous system. Significant safety data come from the viscose rayon industry, where both carbon disulfide as well as small amounts of H2S may be present. A human poison by unspecified route. Human reproductive effects on spermatogenesis by inhalation. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. The main toxic effect is on the central nervous system, acting as a narcotic and anesthetic in acute poisoning with death following from respiratory failure. Flammable liquid. A dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, sparks, friction, or oxidizing materials. Severe explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Ignition and potentially explosive reaction when heated in contact with rust or iron. Mixtures with sodium or potassium-sodium alloys are powerful, shock-sensitive explosives. Explodes on contact with permanganic acid. Potentially explosive reaction with nitrogen oxide, chlorine (catalyzed by iron). Reacts with metal azides to produce shock- and heat-sensitive, explosive metal azidodithioformates.
?Carbon disulphide (CAS NO.75-15-0) is hazardous, so the first aid measures and others should be known. Such as: When on the skin: first, should flush skin with plenty of water immediately for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing. Secondly, get medical aid. Or in the eyes: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Then get medical aid soon. While, it's inhaled: Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. Give artificial respiration while not breathing. When breathing is difficult, give oxygen. And as soon as to get medical aid. Then you have the ingesting of the product:?Do?not induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water, and get medical aid immediately. Notes to physician:?Effects may be delayed. Observe patient.

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4.18 Toxicity
1. ???

mmo-sat 100 μL/plate

 ??? NIOSH* ?? National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda 5AUG77 .
2. ???

sce-hmn:lym 10,200?μg/L

 ??? BCTKAG ?? Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna. 14 (1981),115.
3. ???

ihl-hmn LCLo:4000?ppm/30M

 ??? 29ZWAE ?? Practical Toxicology of Plastics Lefaux, R.,Cleveland, OH.:?Chemical Rubber Company,1968,118.
4. ???

ihl-hmn LCLo:2000?ppm/5M

 ??? TABIA2 ?? Tabulae Biologicae. 3 (1933),231.
5. ???

unr-man LDLo:186?mg/kg

 ??? 85DCAI ?? Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments. 2 (1970),73.
6. ???

orl-rat LD50:3188?mg/kg

 ??? GISAAA ?? Gigiena i Sanitariya. 31 (1)(1966),13.
7. ???

ihl-rat LC50:25?g/m3/2H

 ??? 85GMAT ?? Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure Izmerov, N.F., et al.,Moscow, USSR.:?Centre of International Projects, GKNT,1982,32.
8. ???

orl-mus LD50:2780?mg/kg

 ??? GISAAA ?? Gigiena i Sanitariya. 31 (1)(1966),13.
9. ???

ihl-mus LC50:10?g/m3/2H

 ??? 85GMAT ?? Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure Izmerov, N.F., et al.,Moscow, USSR.:?Centre of International Projects, GKNT,1982,32. GISAAA ?? Gigiena i Sanitar
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5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Flammable liquids, Category 2

Skin irritation, Category 2

Eye irritation, Category 2

Specific target organ toxicity \u2013 repeated exposure, Category 1

Reproductive toxicity, Category 2

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)
Signal word

Danger

Hazard statement(s)

H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapour

H315 Causes skin irritation

H319 Causes serious eye irritation

H372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

H361fd

Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention

P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.

P233 Keep container tightly closed.

P240 Ground and bond container and receiving equipment.

P241 Use explosion-proof [electrical/ventilating/lighting/...] equipment.

P242 Use non-sparking tools.

P243 Take action to prevent static discharges.

P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling.

P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P201 Obtain special instructions before use.

P202 Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.

Response

P303+P361+P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water [or shower].

P370+P378 In case of fire: Use ... to extinguish.

P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/...

P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label).

P332+P313 If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.

P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.

P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.

P314 Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.

P308+P313 IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/ attention.

Storage

P403+P235 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.

P405 Store locked up.

Disposal

P501 Dispose of contents/container to ...

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

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6. NMR Spectrum
ESR : REACTION WITH DISCHARGED O2, V=1 AND 3  
ESR : REACTION WITH DISCHARGED O2, V=5  
13C NMR : in CDCl3  
7. Synthesis Route
75-15-0Total: 198 Synthesis Route
 
74-86-2
74-86-2 65 Suppliers
 
75-15-0
75-15-0 112 Suppliers
 
56-23-5
56-23-5
 
75-15-0
75-15-0 112 Suppliers
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8. Precursor and Product
precursor:
75-79-6
75-79-6
74-86-2
74-86-2
97-77-8
97-77-8
99-00-3
99-00-3
75-20-7
75-20-7
98-99-7
98-99-7
74-98-6
74-98-6
product:
421-17-0
421-17-0
463-58-1
463-58-1
291-21-4
291-21-4
513-74-6
513-74-6
558-13-4
558-13-4
372-06-5
372-06-5
822-38-8
822-38-8
471-32-9
471-32-9
74-93-1
74-93-1
627-34-9
627-34-9
9. Computed Properties
10.Other Information
Usage
Carbon disulfide is used in electronic vacuum tubes, in the manufacturing of carbon tetrachloride, rayon, soil disinfectants, as a solvent, manufacture of rayon, cellophane, and carbon tetrachloride, to produce rubber and chemicals. It is used in the manufacture of xanthates. It is also used as a reaction agent for the production of rubber vulcanization accelerators and soil sterilizers. It is an effective solvent for oils, waxes, sulfur and sulfur compounds. Carbon disulfide and carbon dioxide acts as resources for functional polymers. It is also useful for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.
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Usage
It is used in electronic vacuum tubes, in the manufacturing of carbon tetrachloride, rayon, soil disinfectants, as a solvent, manufacture of rayon, cellophane, and carbon tetrachloride, to produce rubber and chemicals. It is used in the manufacture of xanthates. It is also used as a reaction agent for the production of rubber vulcanization. accelerators and soil sterilizers. It is an effective solvent for oils, waxes, sulfur and sulfur compounds. Carbon disulfide and carbon dioxide acts as resources for functional polymers. It is also useful for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.
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Usage
Carbon disulfide is used in spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography and environmental testing.
Usage
Carbon disulfide is used in electronic vacuum tubes, in the manufacturing of carbon tetrachloride, rayon, soil disinfectants, as a solvent, manufacture of rayon, cellophane, and carbon tetrachloride, to produce rubber and chemicals. It is used in the manufacture of xanthates. It is also used as a reactive agent for the production of rubber vulcanization accelerators and soil sterilizers. It is an effective solvent for oils, waxes, sulfur and sulfur compounds. Carbon disulfide and carbon dioxide acts as resources for functional polymers. It is also useful for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.
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Merck
14,1811
BRN
1098293
Uses
Manufacture of rayon viscose fibers and cellophane film; solvent for lipids, sulfur, rubber, phosphorus, oils, resins, and waxes; insecticide.
Description
For many years, carbon disulfide was manufactured by the reaction of charcoal with sulfur vapor at temperatures of 750– 1000 C, but by the mid-twentieth century, especially in the United States, the process was superseded by the reaction of natural gas (principally methane) with sulfur.
Chemical Properties
Carbon disulfide (carbon bisulfide; CS2; CASRN 75-15-0), in its pure form is a colorless liquid that evaporates readily at room temperature, with a sweet aromatic odor similar to that of chloroform. In its impure commercial and reagent form, however, carbon disulfide is a yellowish liquid with a foulsmelling odor. It can be detected by odor at about 1 ppm but the sense of smell fatigues rapidly and, therefore, odor does not serve as a good warning property. It has a vapor pressure of 297mmHg and solubility in water by weight of 0.3% at 20 °C (68 °F). Once carbon disulfide is in the air it will break down into simpler substances within a few days after release (OEHHA, 2001).
Carbon disulfide structure
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Physical properties
Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid; ethereal odor when pure. Technical grades have strong, foul, rotten, radish-like odor. Leonardos et al. (1969) reported an odor threshold in air of 210 ppbv.
Uses
Carbon disulfide is used in the manufacture of regenerated cellulose rayon, cellophane, soil disinfectants, and electronicvacuum tubes. Other major uses are in theproduction of carbon tetrachloride, xanthates,thiocyanates, plywood adhesives, and rubberaccessories. It is also used as a solvent and asan eluant for organics adsorbed on charcoalin air analysis.
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Uses
Carbon disulfide is used as a raw material in the production of such things as rayon, cellophane, semiconductors, and carbon tetrachloride, and to make some pesticides. It is used as an industrial solvent and chemical intermediate to dissolve rubber to produce tires (ATSDR, 1996), as well as in grain fumigation, analytical chemistry research, degreasing, dry cleaning, and oil extraction (Finkel et al., 1983). Natural sources of carbon disulfide include the open ocean, coastal areas of high biological activity, microbial reduction of sulfates in soil, marshlands, and some higher plants where the source of carbon disulfide is the tree roots (Carroll, 1985; Khalil and Rasmussen, 1984).
Previously, carbon disulfide was used as a pesticide, where it was typically mixed with carbon tetrachloride in a 20/80 mixture, respectively. This mixture was used to exterminate insects and rodents from entire boxcars of wheat, corn, rye, and other grains (Peters et al., 1988). Grain fumigators can be acutely intoxicated and may be chronically exposed to carbon disulfide. Therefore, in the late 1980s, all pesticides containing carbon disulfide as an active ingredient were cancelled by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) (U.S. EPA, 1999).
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Uses
In the manufacture of rayon, carbon tetrachloride, xanthogenates, soil disinfectants, electronic vacuum tubes. Solvent for phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, bromine, iodine, fats, resins, rubbers.
Preparation
Carbon disulfide is manufactured by heating sulfur vapor with charcoal, and condensing vapors of the compound formed. Alternatively, it may be obtained by heating sulfur with natural gas or petroleum fractions. Instead of sulfur, H2S may be used. The reaction occurs at very high temperatures. The product obtained in these reactions may contain sulfur impurities. Carbon disulfide is purified by distillation.
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General Description
Pure carbon disulphide is a colourless liquid with a pleasant odour similar to that of chloroform, while the impure carbon disulphide is a yellowish liquid with an unpleasant odour, like that of rotting radishes. Exposure to carbon disulphide occurs in industrial workplaces. Industries associated with coal gasification plants release more of carbon disulphide, carbonyl sulphide, and hydrogen sulphide. Carbon disulphide is used in large quantities as an industrial chemical for the production of viscose rayon fibres. In fact, the major source of environmental pollution both indoor and outdoor by carbon disulphide is caused by emission released into the air from viscose plants.
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Air & Water Reactions
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
Carbon disulphide has an extremely low autoignition temperature (125°C). May ignite or even explode when heated. The vapor or liquid has been known to ignite on contact with steam pipes, particularly if rusted [Anon., J. Roy. Inst. Chem., 1956, 80, p.664]. Explosion hazard when exposed to flame, heat, sparks or friction. Mixtures with lithium, sodium, potassium or dinitrogen tetraoxide may detonate when shocked. Potentially explosive reaction with nitrogen oxide, chlorine, permanganic acid(strong oxidizing agents). Vapor ignites in contact with aluminum powder or fluorine. Reacts violently with azides, ethylamine ethylenediamine, ethylene imine. Emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur when heated to decomposition [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 663]. Sodium amide forms toxic and flammable H2S gas with CS2. (714)
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Hazard
A poison. Toxic by skin absorption. Highly flammable, dangerous fire and explosion risk, can be ignited by friction. Explosive limits in air 1–50%. Questionable carcinogen. Peripheral ner- vous system impairment.
Health Hazard
Although carbon disulfide exhibits lowtoxicity in most experimental animals, itstoxicity is relatively greater in humans. Theprimary route of exposure is inhalation ofvapors. It may also enter the body throughskin absorption. The toxic effect from single exposure is narcosis. Repeated exposure causes headache, dizziness, fatigue, nervousness, insomnia, psychosis, irritation, tremors,loss of appetite, indigestion, and gastric disturbances. The symptoms above may be manifested in humans after a few months of 4-hour daily exposure to 150 ppm. A concentration below 30 ppm does not produce anynotable toxic effects. A 15-minute exposureto 5000 ppm of carbon disulfide in air can befatal to humans. Ingestion of 5–10 mL of theliquid may be fatal. The oral LD50 value inrats is in the range 3000 mg/kg.
Chapman et al. (1991) reported finger tremor in humans similar to idiopathic Parkinson’s disease resulting from chronic exposureto carbon disulfide-based pesticides. Similarneurotoxic effects of the pesticide disulfiram have been earlier attributed to its metabolite,CS2 (Rainey Jr. 1977). Sills et al. (2005) haveconducted neurotoxicity inhalation studies ofCS2 onthetargetorgansspinalcordofthecen-tral nervous system and the distal portions oflong myelinated axons of peripheral nervoussystem in F344 rats. The authors observedthat CS2 produced intra- and intermolecularprotein cross-linking in vivo. Such covalentcross-linking in neurofilament proteins priorto the onset of lesions contributed to the neu-rofilamentous axonal swellings.
Chou et al. (2005) have investigated CS2-induced skin toxicity in mice and alterationsin epidermal permeability leading to physiological and pathological changes from topicalexposure to CS2. The authors have postulated two mechanistic pathways to accountfor CS2-induced epidermal alterations, oneinvolving intercellular lipid depletion and theother with keratinocyte damage.
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Fire Hazard
Ignition temperature dangerously low: 212F. Vapors may be ignited by contact with ordinary light bulb, when heated to decomposition, Carbon disulphide emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur. When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of sulfur oxides and can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Avoid air, rust, halogens, metal azides, metals, oxidants; when exposed to heat or flame reacts violently with aluminum, chlorine, azides, hypochlorite, ethylamine diamine, ethylene imine, fluorine, metallic azides of lithium, potassium, cesium, rubidium and sodium, nitrogen oxides, potassium, zinc and (sulfuric acid plus permanganate). Decomposes on standing for a long time.
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Flammability and Explosibility
Carbon disulfide is extremely flammable and is a dangerous fire hazard (NFPA rating = 3). It is has a high vapor pressure and extremely low autoignition temperature. Its vapor is heavier than air and can travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. The vapor forms explosive mixtures in air at concentrations of 1.3 to 50%. Carbon disulfide can be ignited by hot surfaces such as steam baths that would ordinarily not constitute an ignition source for other flammable vapors. Rust (iron oxide) may increase the likelihood of ignition by hot surfaces. Carbon disulfide fires should be extinguished with CO2 or dry chemical extinguishers.
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Safety Profile
A human poison by unspecified route. Mildly toxic to humans by inhalation. An experimental poison by intraperitoneal route. Human reproductive effects on spermatogenesis by inhalation. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. The main toxic effect is on the central nervous system, acting as a narcotic and anesthetic in acute poisoning with death following from respiratory failure. In chronic poisoning, the effect on the nervous system is one of central and peripheral damage, which may be permanent if the damage has been severe. Flammable liquid. A dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, sparks, friction, or oxidning materials. Severe explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Ignition and potentially explosive reaction when heated in contact with rust or iron. Mixtures with sodium or potassiumsodum alloys are powerful, shock-sensitive explosives. Explodes on contact with permanganic acid. Potentially explosive reaction with nitrogen oxide, chlorine (catalyzed by iron). Mixtures with dinitrogen tetraoxide are heat-, spark-, and shocksensitive explosives. Reacts with metal azides to produce shockand heat-sensitive, explosive metal azidodtthioformates. Aluminum powder ignites in CS2 vapor. The vapor ignites on contact with fluorine. Reacts violently with azides, CsN3, Cl0, ethylamine diamine, ethylene imine, Pb(N3)2, LiN3, (H2so4 + permanganates), KN3, RbN3, NaN3, phenylcoppertriphenylphosphine complexes. Incompatible with air, metals, oxidants. To fight fire, use water, CO2, dry chemical, fog, mist. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of SO,.
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Potential Exposure
Carbon disulfide is used in the manufacture of viscose rayon; ammonium salts; carbon tetrachloride; carbanilide, xantho genates; flotation agents; soil disinfectants; dyes; electronic vacuum tubes; optical glass; paints, enamels, paint removers; varnishes; varnish removers; tallow, textiles, explosives; rocket fuel; putty; preservatives, and rubber cement; as a solvent for phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, bromine, iodine; alkali cellulose; fats, waxes, lacquers, camphor, resins, and cold vulcanized rubber. It is also used in degreasing; chemical analysis; electroplating; grain fumigation; oil extraction; and drycleaning. It is widely used as a pesticide intermediate.
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Source
Identified among 139 volatile compounds identified in cantaloupe (Cucumis melo var.reticulates cv. Sol Real) using an automated rapid headspace solid phase microextraction method (Beaulieu and Grimm, 2001).
Environmental Fate
Chemical/Physical. Carbon disulfide hydrolyzes in alkaline solutions to carbon dioxide and hydrogen disulfide (Peyton et al., 1976).
In an aqueous alkaline solution containing hydrogen peroxide, dithiopercarbonate, sulfide, elemental sulfur and polysulfides may be expected to form (Elliott, 1990). In an aqueous alkaline solution (pH ≥8), carbon disulfide reacted with hydrogen peroxide forming sulfate and carbonate ions. However, when the pH is lowered to 7–7.4, colloidal sulfur is formed (Adewuyi and Carmichael, 1987).
An aqueous solution containing carbon disulfide reacts with sodium hypochlorite forming carbon dioxide, sulfuric acid and sodium chloride (Patnaik, 1992). Forms a hemihydrate which decomposes at –3°C (Keith and Walters, 1992).Agricultural fumigant Burns with a blue flame releasing carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide (Windholz et al., 1983). Emits very toxic sulfur oxides when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1990). Carbon disulfide oxidizes in the troposphere producing carbonyl sulfide. The atmospheric half-lives for carbon disulfide and carbonyl sulfide were estimated to be approximately 2 years and 13 days, respectively (Khalil and Rasmussen, 1984).
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storage
carbon disulfide should be used only in areas free of ignition sources (including hot plates, incandescent light bulbs, and steam baths), and this substance should be stored in tightly sealed metal containers in areas separate from oxidizers.
Shipping
UN1131 Carbon disulfide, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Purification Methods
Shake it for 3hours with three portions of KMnO4 solution (5g/L), twice for 6hours with mercury (to remove sulfide impurities) until no further darkening of the interface occurs, and finally with a solution of HgSO4 (2.5g/L) or cold, saturated HgCl2. Dry it with CaCl2, MgSO4, or CaH2 (with further drying by refluxing over P2O5), followed by fractional distillation in diffuse light. Alkali metals cannot be used as drying agents. It has also been purified by standing with bromine (0.5mL/L) for 3-4hours, shaking rapidly with KOH solution, then copper turnings (to remove unreacted bromine), and drying with CaCl2. CS2 is highly TOXIC and highly FLAMMABLE. Work in a good fumehood. Small quantities of CS2 have been purified (including removal of hydrocarbons) by mechanical agitation of a 45-50g sample with a solution of 130g of sodium sulfide in 150mL of H2O for 24hours at 35-40o. The aqueous sodium thiocarbonate solution is separated from unreacted CS2, then precipitated with 140g of copper sulfate in 350g of water, with cooling. After filtering off the copper thiocarbonate, it is decomposed by passing steam into it. The distillate is separated from H2O and distilled from P2O5. [Ruff & Golla Z Anorg Chem 138 17 1924, Beilstein 3 IV 395.]
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Toxicity evaluation
Carbon disulfide is a clear, colorless or faintly yellow, mobile liquid at room temperature, and has an ‘ether-like’ odor. It is highly flammable and volatile. It has a solubility of 2160 mg l-1 in water at 25°C, and is very slightly soluble in water, as well as in alcohol, benzene, ether, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and oils. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 359 mmHg at 25°C indicates that carbon disulfide will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere and may potentially volatilize from dry soil surfaces given its vapor pressure. Based on the estimated Henry’s law constant of 1.44×102 atm-m3 mol1 at 24°C for carbon disulfide, volatilization is expected to occur from moist soil surfaces and rapidly from water surfaces. Other physical properties include an octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow of 1.84, a boiling point of 46°C, and a melting point of 111°C.
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Incompatibilities
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Also incompatible with chemically active metals (such as sodium, potassium, zinc), azides, organic amines, halogens. May explosively decompose on shock, friction, or concussion. May explode on heating. The substance may spontaneously ignite on contact with air and on contact with hot surfaces, producing toxic fumes of sulfur dioxide. Reacts violently with oxidants to produce oxides of sulfur and carbon monoxide, and causing fire and explosion hazard. Attacks some forms of plastic, rubber, and coating.
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Waste Disposal
This compound is a very flammable liquid which evaporates rapidly. It burns with a Blue flame to carbon dioxide (harmless) and sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide has a strong suffocating odor; 1000 ppm in air is lethal to rats. The pure liquid presents an acute fire and explosion hazard. The following disposal procedure is suggested: All equipment or contact surfaces should be grounded to avoid ignition by static charges. Absorb on vermiculite, sand, or ashes and cover with water. Transfer underwater in buckets to an open area. Ignite from a distance with an excelsior trail. If quantity is large, Carbon disulfide may be recovered by distillation and repackaged for use.
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Precautions
During handling of carbon disulfi de, occupational workers require proper clothing, eye protection, and respiratory protection. Workers should use the chemical under trained management. On contact with the eyes, immediately fl ush with large amounts of water. On skin contact, the worker should quickly remove contaminated clothing and immediately call for medical attention
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12. Related Questions
How to Prevent Carbon Disulfide Poisoning?Carbon disulfide poisoning refers to the inhalation of high concentrations of carbon disulfide in production accidents, causing damage to the central nervous system, severe coma, convulsions, and even..
What are the Hybridization and Polarity of Carbon Disulfide (CS2) Molecule?Carbon disulfide is a liquid compound with a sweet smell like ether, serving as a key component in organic chemistry. It is commonly used as a non-polar solvent in various industries. Understanding Hy..
How to Draw the CS2 Lewis Structure?CS2 Lewis Structure The CS2 Lewis structure features a central carbon atom (C) bonded to two sulphur atoms (S) at a 180° angle. Each carbon (C) and sulphur (S) atom is connected by a double bond, with..
What is Carbon Disulfide and Its Hazards?Carbon disulfide (CS2) is a colorless and toxic liquid with the molecular formula CS2. Pure carbon disulfide has a sweet aromatic odor similar to chloroform, but industrial-grade carbon disulfide is u..
13. Realated Product Infomation
 
1. Names and Identifiers
2. Properties
3. Use and Manufacturing
4. Safety and Handling
5. Msds
6. NMR Spectrum
7. Synthesis Route
8. Precursor and Product
9. Computational chemical data
10. Other Information
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