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4,4'-Diaminodiphenylsulfone structure

4,4'-Diaminodiphenylsulfone

  • CAS:80-08-0
  • MW:248.3
  • MF:C12H12N2O2S
Odorless white or creamy white crystalline powder. Slightly bitter taste.
 
1. Names and Identifiers
1.1 Name
4,4'-Diaminodiphenylsulfone
1.2 Synonyms
1,1'-Sulfonylbis[4-aminobenzene]; 4-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonylaniline; 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl sulfone; 4,4′-Sulfonyldianiline; 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl sulfone for synthesis; 4,4'-Sulfonylbisbenzeneamine; 4,4'-Sulfonyldianiline; 4-Aminophenyl sulfone; 4-Aminophenylsulfone; ACZONE; Aradur 976-1; AVLOSULFON; Benzenamine, 4,4'-sulfonylbis-; Bis(4-aminophenyl) sulfone; BIS(P-AMINOPHENYL)SULFONE; Dapsone; Dapsone (USP); DDS; Diaphenylsulfone (JAN); DISULONE; EINECS 201-248-4; EPORAL; FREE SAMPLE NCV 4,4-DIAMINO DIPHENYL SULPHONE STD; MFCD00007887; Seikacure S; ZR DSWR DZ;
1.3 CAS No.
80-08-0
1.4 CID
2955
1.5 EINECS
201-248-4
1.6 Molecular Formula
C12H12N2O2S
1.7 Inchi
InChI=1S/C12H12N2O2S/c13-9-1-5-11(6-2-9)17(15,16)12-7-3-10(14)4-8-12/h1-8H,13-14H2
1.8 InChkey
MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
1.9 Canonical Smiles
C1=CC(=CC=C1N)S(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N
1.10 Isomers Smiles
C1=CC(=CC=C1N)S(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N
2. Properties
2.1 Vapour pressure
8.3 (Air = 1)
2.2 Solubility
0.38g/l
2.3 VaporDensity
8.3 (Air = 1)
2.4 AnalyticLaboratory Methods
Determination of dapsone; in biological fluids by HPLC.
2.5 Appearance
White to beige Crystalline Powder
2.6 Storage
Ambient temperatures.
2.7 Chemical Properties
Off -White Crystalline Solid
2.8 Color/Form
Powder
2.9 Decomposition
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /nitrogen; and sulfur oxides/.
2.10 Odor
Odorless
2.11 PH
5.5-7.5 (H2O, 20℃)(saturated aqueous solution)
2.12 Physical
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Odorless white or creamy white crystalline powder. Slightly bitter taste. (NTP, 1992)
2.13 pKa
pKb 13.0(at 25℃)
2.14 Water Solubility
H2O: <0.1 g/100 mL at 20 oC
2.15 Spectral Properties
MAX ABSORPTION (ALCOHOL): 261 NM (LOG E= 4.25), 295 NM (LOG E= 4.43)
SADTLER REFERENCE NUMBER: 2991, 13393 & 4873 (IR, PRISM)
IR: 6054 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection)
UV: 864 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
NMR: 6921 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
IR: 3:1153C (Aldrich Library of Infrared Spectra, Aldrich Chemical Co, Milwaukee, WI)
NMR: 10:24D (Aldrich Library of Mass Spectra, Aldrich Chemical Co, Milwaukee, WI)
2.16 Stability
Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
2.17 StorageTemp
2-8°C
2.18 Toxicity Summary
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Dapsone; is a white or creamy white crystalline powder. Dapsone; is approved for use in dermatitis herpetiformis and leprosy. It is particularly useful in the treatment of linear immunoglobulin (IgA) dermatosis, bullous systemic lupus erythematosus, erythema elevatum diutinum, and subcorneal pustular dermatosis. The drug is used as an alternative for treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly Pneumocystis carinii) pneumonia (PCP) and prevention of P. jirovecii infections. Dapsone; is designated an orphan drug by the US FDA for treatment and prevention of PCP. It is also effective in treatment of endogenous uveitis, chronic conjunctivitis, keratitis, and keratoconjunctivitis, all caused by a previously unreported pathogenic microorganism, Micromyces intracellularis, in human eye. Dapsone; may also be used as an analytic reagent and a hardening agent in the curing of epoxy resins. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Methemoglobinemia is the principal and constant feature of dapsone; poisoning. Clinical features may include headache, dizziness, agitation, restlessness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, bluish-grey cyanosis, tachycardia, hyperventilation, stupor, convulsions, coma, jaundice, and intravascular hemolysis. Adverse hematologic effects are most severe in patients with a G-6-PD deficiency. The dapsone; hypersensitivity syndrome, which is associated with a reported mortality of 9.9%, develops in about 0.5 to 3.6% of persons treated with the drug. Dapsone; may induce acute pancreatitis. ANIMAL STUDIES: Dapsone; was added to rat food in a 78-week study. Mesenchymal tumors of abdominal organs or peritoneal tissues occurred in low and high dose males only. Fibroma, fibrosarcoma or sarcoma of spleen or peritoneum occurred most commonly. When dapsone; was added to the food of mice at 500 or 1000 ppm for 78 weeks, it was not carcinogenic to either sex. Intragastric administration of 100 mg/kg dapsone; to rats for 104 weeks produced spleen sarcomas in male, and higher morbidity from C-cell thyroid carcinomas of both sexes. Tumors appeared after lifetime treatment with maximum tolerated doses. Nervous effects developed following its oral administration to sheep. Incoordination, blindness, recumbency, bloat, opisthotonus, groaning and involuntary movements of the legs were reported in goats treated with an intramammary preparation containing dapsone;, chloramphenicol; and hyaluronidase. Oral administration of dapsone; did not result in a significant degree of immunotoxicity in mice.
3. Use and Manufacturing
3.1 Definition
ChEBI: A sulfone that is diphenylsulfone in which the hydrogen atom at the 4 position of each of the phenyl groups is substituted by an amino group. It is active against a wide range of bacteria, but is mainly employed for its actions against Mycobacteriu leprae, being used as part of multidrug regimens in the treatment of all forms of leprosy.
3.2 Description

Dapsone is a sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against mycobacterium leprae.Target: AntibacterialDapsone is an antibacterial most commonly used in combination with rifampicin and clofazimine as multidrug therapy (MDT) for the treatment of Mycobacterium leprae infections (leprosy). Dapsone antagonized all of the I/R end points measured, showing a remarkable ability to decrease markers of damage through antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and an

3.3 General Description
Odorless white or creamy white crystalline powder. Slightly bitter taste.
3.4 GHS Classification
Signal: Warning
GHS Hazard Statements
H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

Precautionary Statement Codes
P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, and P501
3.5 Methods of Manufacturing
Reaction /of 4-chloronitrobenzene;/ with sodium sulfide; can be controlled to give 4-amino-4'-nitrodiphenyl sulfide;, which after N-acetylation and oxidation with hydrogen peroxide; forms /4-nitro-4'-acetylaminodiphenyl sulfone;/: subsequent reduction and hydrolysis yields 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone; (dapsone;) ...
3.6 Usage
An antibacterial used in the treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis
4. Safety and Handling
4.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations
Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended; 21 U.S.C. 321-392).
4.2 Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient
log Kow = 0.97
4.3 Fire Hazard
4,4'-Diaminodiphenylsulfone is probably combustible.
4.4 DisposalMethods
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
4.5 Fire Fighting Procedures
To fight fire, use water or special mixtures of dry chemical.
4.6 FirePotential
Combustible when exposed to heat or flame or by chemical reaction with oxidizers.
4.7 Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: agranulocytosis, change in tubules and other kidney changes, cyanosis, effect on joints, hemolysis with or without anemia, jaundice, methemoglobinemiacarboxyhemoglobinemia, retinal changes, somnolence. Experimental reproductive effects. Can cause hepatitis, dermatitis, and neuritis. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and neoplastigenic data. Human mutation data reported. Used in leprosy treatment and veterinary medicine. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and SOx. See also SULFONATES.
4.8 Formulations/Preparations
DAPSONE, USP (DDS; ALVOSULFON), IS AVAIL IN TABLETS CONTAINING 25 OR 100 MG.
GRADES: USP (AS DAPSONE, THE USAN NAME); TECHNICAL.
4.9 Protective Equipment and Clothing
Chronic inhalation can cause irritation of mucous membranes.
4.10 Reactivities and Incompatibilities
Can react violently with halogens, carbides, halogenates, halogenites, zinc, uranium, tin, sodium, lithium, nickel, palladium, phosphorus, potassium, indium, calcium, boron, aluminum, (aluminum + niobium pentoxide), ammonia, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, BrF5, BrF3, (Ca + VO + H2O), Ca(OCl)2, Ca3P2, Cs3N, charcoal, (Cu + chlorates), ClO2, ClO, ClF3, CrO3, Cr(OCl)2, hydrocarbons, IF5, IO5, PbO2, Hg(NO3)2, HgO, Hg2O, NO2, P2O3, (KNO3 + As2S3), K3N, KMnO4, AgNO3, Ag2O, NaH, (NaNO3 + charcoal), (Na + SnI), SCl2, Tl2O3, F2. Can react with oxidizing materials.
4.11 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations
Chronic inhalation can cause irritation of mucous membranes.
4.12 Safety

Hazard Codes:?HarmfulXn
Risk Statements: 22?
R22:Harmful if swallowed.
Safety Statements: 22?
S22:Do not breathe dust.
RIDADR: 3249
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: BY8925000
HazardClass: 6.1(b)
PackingGroup of Dapsone (CAS NO.80-08-0): III

4.13 Specification

?Dapsone (CAS NO.80-08-0), its Synonyms are 1,1'-Sulfonylbis(4-aminobenzene) ; 1,1'-Sulphonylbis(4-aminobenzene) ; 4,4'-Dapsone ; 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl sulfone ; 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl suphone ; 4,4'-Sulfonylbisaniline ; 4,4'-Sulfonylbisbenzamine ; 4,4'-Sulfonylbisbenzenamine ; 4-Aminophenyl sulfone ; Benzenamine, 4,4'-sulfonylbis- ; Bis(4-aminophenyl) sulfone ; Aniline, 4,4'-sulfonyldi- . It is odorless white or creamy white crystalline powder and slightly bitter taste.

4.14 Toxicity
Oral-rat LD50: 1000 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 250 mg/kg
5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Acute toxicity - Oral, Category 4

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)
Signal word

Warning

Hazard statement(s)

H302 Harmful if swallowed

Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention

P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling.

P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

Response

P301+P312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026if you feel unwell.

P330 Rinse mouth.

Storage

none

Disposal

P501 Dispose of contents/container to ...

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

6. NMR Spectrum
13C NMR : in DMSO-d6  
13C NMR : Predict  
1H NMR : 400 MHz in DMSO-d6  
1H NMR : Predict  
Predict 1H proton NMR  
IR : KBr disc  
IR : nujol mull  
Mass  
7. Synthesis Route
80-08-0Total: 48 Synthesis Route
 
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8. Precursor and Product
precursor:
product:
9. Computed Properties
10.Other Information
Usage
It is active against a wide range of bacteria, but is mainly employed for its actions against Mycobacterium leprae, being used as part of multidrug regimens in the treatment of all forms of leprosy. It is a second-line medication for the treatment and prevention of Pneumocystis pneumonia and for the prevention of toxoplasmosis in those who have poor immune function. Additionally, it has been used for acne as well as other skin conditions. Moreover it is employed as an anti-inflammatory drug, anti-infective drug, a leprostatic drug and an antimalarial drug.
Merck
14,2822
BRN
788055
Chemical Properties
Off -White Crystalline Solid
Originator
Avlosulfon,Ayerst,US,1957
Uses
An antibacterial used in the treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis
Uses
antibacterial, leprostatic, dermatitis herpetiformis suppressant
Uses
4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone be used for preparation polyimide and epoxy resin material.
Uses
Hardening agent in the curing of epoxy resins.
Definition
ChEBI: A sulfone that is diphenylsulfone in which the hydrogen atom at the 4 position of each of the phenyl groups is substituted by an amino group. It is active against a wide range of bacteria, but is mainly employed for its actions against Mycobacteriu leprae, being used as part of multidrug regimens in the treatment of all forms of leprosy.
Indications
Although dapsone (Avlosulfon) is most often used as an antimicrobial agent, it has important antiinflammatory properties in many noninfectious skin diseases. The mechanism of action of dapsone in skin disease is not clear.Most of the cutaneous diseases for which it is effective manifest inflammation and are characterized by an infiltration of neutrophils; the drug’s antiinflammatory effect may arise from its inhibition of intracellular neutrophil reactions mediated by myeloperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide or from its scavenging of reactive oxygen species, which inhibits inflammation.
Indications
Although dapsone (Avlosulfon) was once used in the treatment and prophylaxis of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum malaria, the toxicities associated with its administration (e.g., agranulocytosis, methemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia) have severely reduced its use. Occasionally dapsone has been added to the usual chloroquine therapeutic regimen for the prophylaxis of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum malaria. It is also used in combination therapy for leprosy.
Manufacturing Process
p-Chloronitrobenzene is reacted with NaSO2C6H5NHCOCH3 to give as an intermediate, O2NC6H5SO2C6H5NHCOCH3 which is then reduced and deacetylated to give the product, dapsone. Alternatively, benzene and sulfuric acid react to give phenyl sulfone which is nitrated, then reduced to give dapsone.
Brand name
Hansolar (ParkeDavis).
Therapeutic Function
Antibacterial (leprostatic)
Synthesis Reference(s)
Synthesis, p. 640, 1981 DOI: 10.1055/s-1981-29557
Antimicrobial activity
Dapsone is active against many bacteria and some protozoa. Fully susceptible strains of M. leprae are inhibited by a little as 0.003 mg/L. It is predominantly bacteristatic. Resistance is associated with mutations in the folP1 gene involved in the synthesis of para-aminobenzoic acid.
Acquired resistance
Resistance to high levels is acquired by several sequential mutations. As a result of prolonged use of dapsone monotherapy, acquired resistance emerged in patients with multibacillary leprosy in many countries. Initial resistance also occurs in patients with both paucibacillary and multibacillary leprosy. Thus, leprosy should always be treated with multidrug regimens. Resistance of M. leprae to dapsone (and other anti-leprosy drugs) may now be determined by use of DNA microarrays.
General Description
Odorless white or creamy white crystalline powder. Slightly bitter taste.
Air & Water Reactions
Sensitive to oxidation and light. Insoluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
4,4'-Diaminodiphenylsulfone can neutralize acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Also incompatible with epoxy resins under uncontrolled conditions .
Fire Hazard
4,4'-Diaminodiphenylsulfone is probably combustible.
Pharmaceutical Applications
The most effective of a number of sulfonamide derivatives to be tested against leprosy. The dry powder is very stable. It is only slightly soluble in water.
Pharmacokinetics
Oral absorption: >90%
Cmax 100 mg oral: c. 2 mg/L after 3–6 h
Plasma half-life: 10–50 h
Plasma protein binding: c. 50%
It is slowly but almost completely absorbed from the intestine and widely distributed in the tissues, but selectively retained in skin, muscle, kidneys and liver. It is metabolized by N-oxidation and also by acetylation, which is subject to the same genetic polymorphism as isoniazid. The elimination half-life is consequently very variable, but on standard therapy the trough levels are always well in excess of inhibitory concentrations. It is mostly excreted in the urine: in the unchanged form (20%), as N-oxidation products (30%) and as a range of other metabolites.
Clinical Use
Dapsone (4,4 -sulfonylbisbenzeneamine; 4,4 -sulfonyldianiline;p,p -diaminodiphenylsulfone; or DDS [Avlosulfon])occurs as an odorless, white crystalline powder that is veryslightly soluble in water and sparingly soluble in alcohol.The pure compound is light stable, but traces of impurities,including water, make it photosensitive and thus susceptibleto discoloration in light. Although no chemical change is detectablefollowing discoloration, the drug should be protectedfrom light.
Dapsone is used in the treatment of both lepromatous andtuberculoid types of leprosy. Dapsone is used widely for allforms of leprosy, often in combination with clofazimine andrifampin. Initial treatment often includes rifampin with dapsone,followed by dapsone alone. It is also used to preventthe occurrence of multibacillary leprosy when given prophylactically.Dapsone is also the drug of choice for dermatitis herpetiformisand is sometimes used with pyrimethamine for treatmentof malaria and with trimethoprim for PCP.
Serious side effects can include hemolytic anemia,methemoglobinemia, and toxic hepatic effects. Hemolyticeffects can be pronounced in patients with glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase deficiency. During therapy, all patientsrequire frequent blood counts.
Clinical Use
Dapsone is approved for the treatment of an autoimmune blistering skin disease, dermatitis herpetiformis. This intensely pruritic eruption is characterized histologically by a dense dermal infiltration of neutrophils and subepidermal blisters. Other skin diseases in which dapsone is helpful are linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) dermatosis, subcorneal pustular dermatosis, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and a variety of rarer eruptions in which neutrophils predominate, including some forms of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
Clinical Use
Leprosy (multidrug regimens)
Prophylaxis of malaria, treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria (in combination with pyrimethamine)
Prophylaxis of toxoplasmosis (in combination with pyrimethamine)
Prophylaxis (monotherapy) and treatment (in combination with trimethoprim) of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Dermatitis herpetiformis and related skin disorders
Side effects
Although usually well tolerated at standard doses, gastrointestinal upsets, anorexia, headaches, dizziness and insomnia may occur. Less frequent reactions include skin rashes, exfoliative dermatitis, photosensitivity, peripheral neuropathy (usually in non-leprosy patients), tinnitus, blurred vision, psychoses, hepatitis, nephrotic syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and generalized lymphadenopathy.
The term ‘dapsone syndrome’ is applied to a skin rash and fever occurring 2–8 weeks after starting therapy and sometimes accompanied by lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, jaundice and/or mononucleosis.
Blood disorders include anemia, methemoglobinemia, sulfhemoglobinemia, hemolysis (notably in patients with glucose- 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency), mononucleosis, leukopenia and, rarely, agranulocytosis. Severe anemia should be treated before patients receive dapsone.
The incidence of adverse reactions declined in the 1960s but reappeared around 1982 when multidrug therapy was introduced, and may represent an unexplained interaction with rifampicin.
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: agranulocytosis, change in tubules and other kidney changes, cyanosis, effect on joints, hemolysis with or without anemia, jaundice, methemoglobinemiacarboxyhemoglobinemia, retinal changes, somnolence. Experimental reproductive effects. Can cause hepatitis, dermatitis, and neuritis. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and neoplastigenic data. Human mutation data reported. Used in leprosy treatment and veterinary medicine. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and SOx. See also SULFONATES.
Chemical Synthesis
Dapsone, 4,4-diaminodiphenylsulfone (34.2.3), is synthesized from either 4-chloronitrobenzene or from the sodium salt of 4-acetamidobenzenesulfonic acid. Reacting 4-chloronitrobenzene with sodium sulfide gives 4,4-dinitrodiphenylthioester (34.2.1), and oxidation of the sulfur atom in this compound using potassium dichromate in sulfuric acid gives 4,4-dinitrodiphenylsulfone (34.2.2). Reduction of the nitro group in the resulting compound using tin dichloride in hydrochloric acid makes the desired dapsone.
It has also been suggested to reduce the nitro group to an amino group, protect it with an acetyl protection, oxidize the sulfur atom to a sulfone using potassium dichromate, and then remove the protective acetyl group by hydrolysis.

Another way of the synthesis of dapsone begins with 4-acetamidobenzenesulfonic acid, which is reacted with 4-chloronitrobenzene at high temperatures to give 4-acetamido-4- nitrodiphenylsulfone (34.2.4). Reducing the nitro group in this compound with tin dichloride in hydrochloric acid along with the simultaneous hydrolysis of the acetyl group under the reaction conditions gives the desired dapsone.
Storage features
The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials
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12. Related Questions
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