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Benzoyl peroxide structure

Benzoyl peroxide
  • CAS：94-36-0
  • MW:242.2268
  • MF：C14H10O4
Benzoyl peroxide, with the chemical formula C14H10O4 and CAS registry number 94-36-0, is a widely used organic compound known for its effectiveness as a medication for acne treatment. This white, granular solid is characterized by its peroxide group attached to the benzoyl group. It functions by releasing oxygen free radicals, which oxidize comedones (clogged pores), thus reducing inflammation and killing bacteria on the skin surface. Benzoyl peroxide is available in various forms, including creams, gels, and washes, and is often used in combination with other acne treatments. It is considered a first-line treatment for mild to moderate acne and is available over-the-counter in many countries. Additionally, it has applications in polymerization reactions, as a bleaching agent, and in the synthesis of other organic compounds. Benzoyl Peroxide may affect workers in the electronics and plastics (epoxy resins and catalysts) industries, electricians,ceramic workers, dentists and dental technicians,laboratory technicians and bakers. As it wascontained in candles, it also induced contact dermatitisin a sacristan. View more+
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1. Names and Identifiers
1.1 Name
Benzoyl peroxide
1.2 Synonyms
BENZAC; BENZACLIN; benzoyl benzenecarboperoxoate; Benzoyl peroxide (usp); benzoylperoxide; BPO; dibenzoyl peroxide; Diphenylperoxyanhydride; EINECS 202-327-6; MFCD00003071; Oxy 5;
1.3 CAS No.
94-36-0
1.4 CID
7187
1.5 EINECS
202-327-6
1.6 Molecular Formula
C14H10O4
1.7 Inchi
InChI=1S/C14H10O4/c15-13(11-7-3-1-4-8-11)17-18-14(16)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H
1.8 InChkey
OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
1.9 Canonical Smiles
C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)OOC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2
1.10 Isomers Smiles
C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)OOC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2
2. Properties
2.1 Solubility
0.35mg/l
2.2 Appearance
White powder or transparent solution
2.3 Storage
Benzoyl peroxide should be stored in acool and well-ventilated area, isolated fromother chemicals and free of heating andelectrical installations. Dry compound maybe shipped in polyethylene-lined paper bagsor fiber containers packed in wooden boxeso.
2.4 Autoignition Temperature
176 °F (NTP, 1992)
2.5 Carcinogenicity
When repeatedly applied to theskin of mice, BPO was not carcinogenic . However,benzoyl peroxide is a tumor promoter in mice and hamsters,but has shown no complete carcinogenic or tumor-initiatingactivity . There has been one controversial Japanesereport that was interpreted as BPO being a completecarcinogen. However, when the data were critically evaluated,it was found consistent with BPO acting as a skin tumorpromoter and not as a carcinogen. The International Agencyfor Research on Cancer (IARC) has evaluated the carcinogenicityof benzoyl peroxide. They classified it as Group 3.This means there is limited or inadequate evidence of carcinogenicityfor animals and inadequate or absent informationfor humans. In addition, there are other animals and in vitrostudies that continue to support the lack of carcinogenic ormutagenic properties for BPO .
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2.6 Chemical Properties
white powder or crystals
2.7 Color/Form
CRYSTALS
WHITE, GRANULAR CRYSTALLINE SOLID
Colorless to white crystals or a granular powder.
2.8 Contact Allergens
Benzoyl peroxide is an oxidizing agent widelyemployed in acne topical therapy. It is also used as apolymerization catalyst of dental or industrial plasticsand as a decolorizing agent of flours, oils, fats, andwaxes. Irritant or allergic dermatitis may affect workersin the electronics and plastics (epoxy resins andcatalysts) industries, electricians, ceramic workers,dentists and dental technicians, laboratory technicians,bakers, and acne patients. As it was contained in candles,it also induced contact dermatitis in a sacristan.Patch tests may be irritant.
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2.9 Decomposition
Decomposes explosively.
2.10 Heat of Combustion
1551.7 kcal/mole
2.11 Odor
Faint, benzaldehyde-like odor.
2.12 Water Solubility
H2O: Insoluble
2.13 Spectral Properties
INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.543/D; SADTLER REF NUMBER: 332 (IR, PRISM); 127 (IR, GRATING)
IR: 6113 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection)
UV: 127 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
NMR: 7604 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
2.14 Stability
Strong oxidizer. Highly flammable. Do not grind or subject to shock or friction. Incompatible with reducing agents, acids, bases, alcohols, metals, organic materials. Contact with combustible material, heating or friction may cause fire or explosion.
2.15 StorageTemp
2-8°C
3. Use and Manufacturing
3.1 Description
Benzoyl peroxide (CAS 94-36-0) is a white crystalline powder commonly used in various applications. It has a chemical structure consisting of a benzene ring attached to a peroxide group. This compound is sparingly soluble in water but dissolves well in organic solvents. It has a melting point of 103-105°C and a boiling point of 155-156°C. Benzoyl peroxide is a stable compound and does not decompose easily. It is odorless and tasteless, making it suitable for various uses.

Applicable Fields
Acne Treatment: Benzoyl peroxide is widely used in the treatment of acne. It works by killing the bacteria that cause acne, reducing inflammation, and unclogging pores. Its mechanism of action involves releasing oxygen, which kills the bacteria and helps to remove excess oil and dead skin cells.

Chemical Industry: In the chemical industry, benzoyl peroxide is used as a polymerization initiator. It initiates the polymerization process in the production of various polymers, such as polystyrene and acrylics. Its mechanism of action involves breaking the peroxide bond, which generates free radicals that initiate the polymerization reaction.

Storage Conditions
Store in a cool and dry place.
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3.2 General Description
White, odorless powder, moderately toxic.
3.3 Methods of Manufacturing
1. Cooling conditions in 30% sodium hydroxide solution by adding 30% hydrogen peroxide to generate sodium peroxide solution; and then stirring at 0 ~ 10 ° C dropping benzoyl chloride, the temperature is too high will cause hydrogen peroxide And the product was purified by the method of 2: 1 methanol / chloroform and dried (50-70 ° C) to obtain the product in a yield of 85% or more, and the product was purified by the method described above.
2. In the reactor, add more than 40% of the caustic soda solution, 0.75 parts, diluted with water to about 30%, cooled to 10 ° C under stirring, dropping 30% hydrogen peroxide 1, control reaction temperature (10 ± 2) ° C. After completion of the dropping, the temperature of the material was lowered to about 0 ° C by cooling the brine, and benzoyl chloride was added dropwise while stirring. The reaction temperature was kept below 0 ° C by adjusting the dropping rate of benzoyl chloride and enhancing the heat transfer. After adding benzoyl chloride drop, continue to maintain about 0 ℃, stirring reaction 2 ~ 3h. And then static stratification, release the lower waste, add ice water, while stirring side. And then standing stratification. Separate the lower layer of benzoyl peroxide, low-temperature drying, storage should be retained in the finished product water content of 25% to 30%.
3. 30% of the caustic soda solution will be cooled to 10 ° C stirring, dropping 30% hydrogen peroxide. After the dropwise addition, the temperature of the material was reduced to about 0 ° C, and the benzoyl chloride was added dropwise. Then, the layered product was separated and the lower layer of benzoyl peroxide was separated and dried at a low temperature to maintain a water content of 25% % To save.
4. Benzoyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide and alkali (or sodium peroxide) reaction, cooling, filtration, washing, recrystallization, derived from drying.
5. Ammonium bicarbonate as the basic medium, the other raw materials in the same circumstances, the reaction at room temperature synthesis of BPO's new technology will be a certain amount of benzoyl chloride into the benzoyl chloride tank stand-by; weighing the same quality hydrogen peroxide Stirring, and then adding a small amount of phase transfer catalyst sodium dodecyl sulfate, and then weigh the ammonium carbonate slowly into the reactor. After the ammonium bicarbonate was evenly distributed in the hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl chloride was gradually added dropwise to the reaction kettle at a constant flow rate. The amount of benzoyl chloride was adjusted according to the temperature of the reaction kettle, and kept at about 20 ℃ until benzoyl chloride All cast until the end. The reaction is completed when no gas is released in the reaction vessel. Open the non-blocking pump, the material hit the centrifuge can be dehydrated BPO products.
6. 22g anhydrous Na2CO3 dissolved in 200mL of water, about 15 ℃ in the ice water bath by adding 14mL30% H2O2, 1mL15% activator, and keep the temperature at about 15 ℃ dropping benzoyl chloride 28.0g, after the completion of mechanical Stirring 2h, the reaction generated white granular products, filtration, water once, a white granule product 28.0g. Determination of benzoyl peroxide content over 99% iodine, 22.5% moisture content, yield 90%.
7. Preparation method: In a reaction flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and two dropping funnels, add 100mL (0.29mol) of 10% hydrogen peroxide and cool to about 5 ℃ in an ice water bath. Benzoyl chloride
(1) 28.5 (0.2 mol) and 9.5 g of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 60 mL of water. The dropping speed was controlled to keep the reaction liquid weakly acidic. The reaction of solid precipitation. After stirring, the reaction was continued until no benzoyl chloride odor was observed. Filtration, washing, and then soaked with cold ethanol (to remove the possible presence of benzoic acid and benzoyl chloride), try to drain. Drying after benzoyl peroxide
(1) mp 106-108 ° C, yield 85%.
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3.4 Potential Exposure
Used as polymerization initiator, curingagent, and cross-linking agent.
3.5 Purification Methods
Dissolve benzoyl peroxide in CHCl3 at room temperature and precipitate it by adding an equal volume of MeOH or pet ether. Similarly it is precipitated from acetone by adding two volumes of distilled water. It has also been crystallised from 50% MeOH and from diethyl ether. Dry it under vacuum at room temperature for 24hours. Store it in a desiccator in the dark at 0o. When purifying in the absence of water it can be EXPLOSIVE, and operations should be done on a very small scale with adequate protection. Large amounts should be kept moist with water and stored in a refrigerator. [Kim et al. J Org Chem 52 3691 1987, Beilstein 9 IV 777.]
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3.6 Usage

Oxidizing agent in bleaching oils, flour, catalyst in the plastics industry, initiator in polymerization, source of free radicals for industrial processes.

3.7 Waste Disposal
Pretreatment involves decompositionwith sodium hydroxide. The final solution ofsodium benzoate, which is very biodegradable, may beflushed into the drain. Disposal of large quantities of solutionmay require pH adjustment before release into thesewer or controlled incineration after mixing with anoncombustible material. Benzoyl peroxide Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials
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4. Safety and Handling
4.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations
Benzoyl peroxide is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.
4.2 Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient
log Kow = 3.46
4.3 Other Preventative Measures
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
BECAUSE IT IS HIGHLY FLAMMABLE AND EXPLOSIVE, IT IS HANDLED, DILUTED IN SOME UNREACTIVE ORGANIC SOLVENT, SUCH AS PHTHALATE ESTER.
Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with benzoyl peroxide should be removed promptly and not reworn until the benzoyl peroxide is removed from the clothing.
If employees' clothing may have become contaminated with solid benzoyl peroxide, employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.
Clothing contaminated with benzoyl peroxide should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of benzoyl peroxide from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the benzoyl peroxide, the person performing the operation should be informed of benzoyl peroxide's hazardous properties.
Employees who handled benzoyl peroxide or liquids containing benzoyl peroxide should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities.
Eating and smoking should not be permited in areas where solid benzoyl peroxide is handled, processed, or stored.
If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Keep spilled material wet. Wet spilled material before picking it up. /Benzoyl peroxide (benzoyl peroxide crystals, granules or powders, wet with not less than 30% water); benzoyl peroxide (benzoyl peroxide, dry or wet with less than 30% water); benzoyl peroxide, (more than 77% but less than 95% with water); benzoyl peroxide, (not less than 30% but not more than 52% with inert solid); benzoyl peroxide, (not more than 72% as a paste); benzoyl peroxide, (not more than 77% with water; benzoyl peroxide, (technically pure or) benzoyl peroxide, more than 52% with inert solid)/
Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. Approach fire with caution. /Benzoyl peroxide (benzoyl peroxide crystals, granules or powders, wet with not less than 30% water); benzoyl peroxide (benzoyl peroxide, dry or wet with less than 30% water); benzoyl peroxide, (more than 77% but less than 95% with water); benzoyl peroxide, (not less than 30% but not more than 52% with inert solid); benzoyl peroxide, (not more than 72% as a paste); benzoyl peroxide, (not more than 77% with water; benzoyl peroxide, (technically pure or) benzoyl peroxide, more than 52% with inert solid)/
The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.
Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.
Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.
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4.4 Cleanup Methods
Cover the spill with a 1:1:1 mixture by weight of sodium carbonate or calcium carbonate, clay cat litter (bentonite) and sand. Dampen this mixture thoroughly with water, then scoop into a beaker using a plastic or cardboard shovel. Treat as per waste disposal procedure. Wash the area of the spill thoroughly with soap and water.
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4.5 DisposalMethods
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
Rigid containers of uncertain age or condition should not be opened but carefully burned from a safe distance. /Peroxides, organic/
Incineration or burning is generally preferred /method of destroying peroxides/. Burning may be done by spreading waste in a trench and igniting it from a distance. Most organic peroxides can also be hydrolyzed by adding them slowly with stirring to about ten times their weight of cold 10% sodium hydroxide soln. The reaction may require several hours. /Peroxides, organic/
Submerge in alkali solution. 10% NaOH at 4 times weight of peroxide. Empty containers should never be employed for other purposes but should be burned. Waste pastes can also be charged with 50% nonflammable material (e.g. Vermiculite), dried, and burned under controlled conditions.
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4.6 DOT Emergency Guidelines
/GUIDE 145: ORGANIC PEROXIDES (HEAT AND CONTAMINATION SENSITIVE)/ Fire or Explosion: May explode from heat or contamination. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. /Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/
/GUIDE 145: ORGANIC PEROXIDES (HEAT AND CONTAMINATION SENSITIVE)/ Health: Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with substance may cause severe injury or burns. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/
/GUIDE 145: ORGANIC PEROXIDES (HEAT AND CONTAMINATION SENSITIVE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/
/GUIDE 145: ORGANIC PEROXIDES (HEAT AND CONTAMINATION SENSITIVE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/
/GUIDE 145: ORGANIC PEROXIDES (HEAT AND CONTAMINATION SENSITIVE)/ Evacuation: Large spill: Consider initial evacuation for at least 250 meters (800 feet). Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. /Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/
/GUIDE 145: ORGANIC PEROXIDES (HEAT AND CONTAMINATION SENSITIVE)/ Fire: Small fires: Water spray or fog is preferred; if water not available use dry chemical, CO2, or regular foam. Large fires: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. /Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/
/GUIDE 145: ORGANIC PEROXIDES (HEAT AND CONTAMINATION SENSITIVE)/ Spill or Leak: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Keep substance wet using water spray. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Small spills: Take up with inert, damp, non-combustible material using clean non-sparking tools and place into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Large spills: Wet down with water and dike for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. /Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/
/GUIDE 145: ORGANIC PEROXIDES (HEAT AND CONTAMINATION SENSITIVE)/ First Aid: Move victim to fresh air. CALL 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry. Remove material from skin immediately. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Keep victim warm and quiet. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. /Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/
/GUIDE 146: ORGANIC PEROXIDES (HEAT, CONTAMINATION AND FRICTION SENSITIVE)/ Fire or Explosion: May explode from heat, shock, friction or contamination. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. /Organic peroxide type B, solid; Organic peroxide type C, solid/
/GUIDE 146: ORGANIC PEROXIDES (HEAT, CONTAMINATION AND FRICTION SENSITIVE)/ Health: Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with substance may cause severe injury or burns. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organic peroxide type B, solid; Organic peroxide type C, solid/
/GUIDE 146: ORGANIC PEROXIDES (HEAT, CONTAMINATION AND FRICTION SENSITIVE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Organic peroxide type B, solid; Organic peroxide type C, solid/
/GUIDE 146: ORGANIC PEROXIDES (HEAT, CONTAMINATION AND FRICTION SENSITIVE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Organic peroxide type B, solid; Organic peroxide type C, solid/
/GUIDE 146: ORGANIC PEROXIDES (HEAT, CONTAMINATION AND FRICTION SENSITIVE)/ Evacuation: Large spill: Consider initial evacuation for at least 250 meters (800 feet). Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. /Organic peroxide type B, solid; Organic peroxide type C, solid/
/GUIDE 146: ORGANIC PEROXIDES (HEAT, CONTAMINATION AND FRICTION SENSITIVE)/ Fire: Small fires: Water spray or fog is preferred; if water is not available use dry chemical, CO2, or regular foam. Large fires: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. /Organic peroxide type B, solid; Organic peroxide type C, solid/
/GUIDE 146: ORGANIC PEROXIDES (HEAT, CONTAMINATION AND FRICTION SENSITIVE)/ Spill or Leak: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Keep substance wet using water spray. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Small spills: Take up with inert, damp, noncombustible material using clean non-sparking tools and place into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Large spills: Wet down with water and dike for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. /Organic peroxide type B, solid; Organic peroxide type C, solid/
/GUIDE 146: ORGANIC PEROXIDES (HEAT, CONTAMINATION AND FRICTION SENSITIVE)/ First Aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry. Remove material from skin immediately. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Keep victim warm and quiet. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. /Organic peroxide type B, solid; Organic peroxide type C, solid/
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4.7 Fire Fighting Procedures
If material on fire or involved in fire: Burns with explosive violence. If it becomes ignited, material cannot be extinguished until it is consumed. /Benzoyl peroxide (benzoyl peroxide, dry or wet with less than 30% water)/
Evacuation: If the material is on fire or involved in fire consider evacuation of one-half mile radius. /Benzoyl peroxide (benzoyl peroxide crystals, granules or powders, wet with not less than 30% water); benzoyl peroxide (benzoyl peroxide, dry or wet with less than 30% water); benzoyl peroxide, (more than 77% but less than 95% with water); benzoyl peroxide, (not less than 30% but not more than 52% with inert solid); benzoyl peroxide, (not more than 72% as a paste); benzoyl peroxide, (not more than 77% with water; benzoyl peroxide, (technically pure or) benzoyl peroxide, more than 52% with inert solid)/
To fight fire: Water spray, foam.
If material on fire or involved in fire: use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide dangerously explosive. /Benzoyl peroxide (benzoyl peroxide crystals, granules or powders, wet with not less than 30% water); benzoyl peroxide (benzoyl peroxide, dry or wet with less than 30% water); benzoyl peroxide, (more than 77% but less than 95% with water); benzoyl peroxide, (not less than 30% but not more than 52% with inert solid); benzoyl peroxide, (not more than 72% as a paste); benzoyl peroxide, (not more than 77% with water; benzoyl peroxide, (technically pure or) benzoyl peroxide, more than 52% with inert solid)/
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4.8 FirePotential
Unstable to heat; decomposes with evolving oxygen, resulting in advancing fire. Sensitive to impact and friction.
Moderate fire hazard by spontaneous chemical reaction in contact with reducing agents. It ignites readily and burns rapidly.
4.9 Safety Profile
Poison by intraperitoneal route.Can cause dermatitis, asthmatic effects, testicular atrophy,and vasodilation. An allergen and eye irritant. Humanmutation data reported. Questionable carcinogen withexperimental tumorigenic data. Moderate fire hazard by
4.10 Formulations/Preparations
GRADES OR PURITY: 98% (DRY); 70-78% (WET); VARIOUS PASTES OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE AND LIQUID PLASTICIZERS SUCH AS TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE, SILICONE OIL.
Benzoyl peroxide is available in the USA as granules containing 98.5 + or - 1% benzoyl peroxide, as granules containing 75-80% and 70 + or - 2% benzoyl peroxide with water as a diluent, as pastes containing from 24-27% up to 55% min benzoyl peroxide with proprietary diluents, as a paste containing 50-52% benzoyl peroxide with tricresyl phosphate as a diluent, as a paste containing 50% min benzoyl peroxide with silicone oil as a diluent, as a powder containing 35-37% benzoyl peroxide with dicalcium phosphate as a diluent, and as a powder containing 32-33% benzoyl peroxide with wheat starch as a diluent.
Flour bleach typically contains 32% benzoyl peroxide and 68% corn-starch.
Benzoyl peroxide ... used in topical non-prescription medications for the treatment of acne ... /is/ sold as lotions, gels, creams and ointments containing 2.5-10% benzoyl peroxide.
Stri-dex B.P. 10%: Benzoyl Peroxide, 10%
Epi Clear Antiseptic Lotion: Benzoyl Peroxide, 5% and 10%
Benoxyl (5&10) Lotion: Benzoyl Peroxide, 5% and 10%
Clearasil Antibacterial Acne Lotion: Benzoyl Peroxide, 5%
Clearasil BP Acne Treatment Cream: Benzoyl Peroxide, 10%
Oxy-5: Benzoyl Peroxide, 5%
Oxy-10: Benzoyl Peroxide, 10%
Oxy-10 Cover: Benzoyl Peroxide, 10%
Grade: Technical, Wet or dry; Food Chemicals Codex
TOPICAL, AS A 5-10% CREAM, GEL, OR LOTION, ... DOSAGE FORMS--CREAM: 5 & 10%; LOTION: 5 & 10%.
Granules, powder, or paste with 35 to 100 percent peroxide content
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4.11 Incompatibilities
May explode when heated above meltingpoint, 103 C. A strong oxidizer. Extremely explosionsensitiveto heat, shock, friction, and concussion. Mayexplode or cause fire on contact with reducing agents; combustiblesubstances, organic substances, wood, paper, metalpowders, lithium aluminum hydride. Violent reaction withalcohols, organic and inorganic acids, and amines.
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4.12 Protective Equipment and Clothing
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR PERSONNEL COMPRISES SAFETY GOGGLES, APRONS OF NON-INFLAMMABLE MATERIAL OR RUBBER, ... RUBBER BOOTS SHOULD BE WORN OVER LEATHER FOOTWEAR.
Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight-inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact with benzoyl peroxide or liquids containing benzoyl peroxide.
Employees using or handling pure benzoyl peroxide should be provided with and required to wear fire-resistant clothing treated with an antistatic agent.
Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where benzoyl peroxide or liquids containing benzoyl peroxide may contact the eyes.
Wear goggles, breathing apparatus, protective clothing, and body shield.
Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 50 mg/cu m. Respirator Class(es): Any dust and mist respirator except single-use and quarter-mask respirators. May require eye protection. Any supplied-air respirator. May require eye protection.
Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 125 mg/cu m. Respirator Class(es): Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode. May require eye protection. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a dust and mist filter. May require eye protection.
Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 250 mg/cu m. Respirator Class(es): Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and a high-efficiency particulate filter. May require eye protection. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece.
Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 1500 mg/cu m. Respirator Class(es): Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.
Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concn or IDLH conditions: Respirator Class(es): Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.
Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirator Class(es): Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.
Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.
Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.
Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. (Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.)
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4.13 Reactivities and Incompatibilities
Special care must be taken to avoid contamination with combustible materials (wood, paper), various inorganic & organic acids, alkalies, alcohols, amines, easily oxidizable materials such as ethers, or materials used as accelerators in polymerization reactions.
Benzoyl peroxide was weighted into a stainless steel beaker that had been rinsed previously with methyl methacrylate. The peroxide catalyzed polymerization of the methacrylate & the build-up of heat was sufficient to ignite the remainder of the peroxide.
Explosive decomposition occurred when finely ground benzoyl peroxide was allowed to react with N,N-dimethylaniline by breaking an ampuole containing 0.5 g of dimethylaniline in an autoclave.
An attempted reduction of benzoyl peroxide with lithium aluminum hydride resulted in an explosion.
Addition of 1 drop of aniline to 1 g of /benzoyl/ peroxide results in a mild explosion. Explosion can result from heating a mixture /of carbon tetrachloride and ethylene/ with a small amount of benzoyl peroxide.
Combustible substances (wood, paper, etc.), acids, alkalis, alcohols, amines, ethers [Note: Containers may explode when heated. Extremely explosion-sensitive to shock, heat, and friction].
Explosive or violent reaction on contact with N,N-dimethylaniline, aniline, dimethyl sulfide, lithium tetrahydroaluminate, and N-bromosuccinimide plus 4-toluic acid. Mixture with carbon tetrachloride plus ethylene explodes at elevated temp and pressures. Reacts violently in contact with various organic or inorganic acids, alcohols, amines, metallic naphthenates, as well as with polymerization accelerators, e.g., dimethylaniline, and CCl4 plus C2H4. Violent reaction with charcoal when heated above 50 deg C. ... Vigorous reaction leading to ignition with methylmethacrylate, and vinyl acetate plus ethyl acetate.
Upon contact with reducing materials, such as organic matter or thiocyanates, an explosion can occur. /Organic peroxides/
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4.14 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations
IN AN INVESTIGATION MADE IN A PLANT LOCATED IN NEW YORK STATE WHERE BENZOYL PEROXIDE FORMULATIONS WERE BEING PROCESSED ... CONCENTRATIONS OF 12.2 MG/CU M AND HIGHER RESULTED IN PRONOUNCED IRRITATION OF THE NOSE AND THROAT.
Local /dermal/ irritation is common, and contact allergy can occur.
4.15 Toxicity
LD50 orally in Rabbit: 7710 mg/kg
5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Organic peroxides, Type B

Eye irritation, Category 2

Skin sensitization, Category 1

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)
Signal word

Danger

Hazard statement(s)

H241 Heating may cause a fire or explosion

H319 Causes serious eye irritation

H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention

P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.

P234 Keep only in original packaging.

P235 Keep cool.

P240 Ground and bond container and receiving equipment.

P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling.

P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P272 Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.

Response

P370+P380+P375 In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.

P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.

P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/...

P333+P313 If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.

P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label).

P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.

Storage

P403 Store in a well-ventilated place.

P410 Protect from sunlight.

P411 Store at temperatures not exceeding \u2026\u00b0C/\u2026\u00b0F.

P420 Store separately.

Disposal

P501 Dispose of contents/container to ...

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

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6. NMR Spectrum
13C NMR : in CDCl3  
1H NMR : 90 MHz in CDCl3  
Predict 1H proton NMR  
IR : KBr disc  
IR : nujol mull  
SOLID (OIL MULL)  
SOLID (SPLIT MULL)  
Raman : 4880 A,200 M,powder  
Mass  
7. Synthesis Route
94-36-0Total: 32 Synthesis Route
 
98-88-4
98-88-4 251 Suppliers
 
94-36-0
94-36-0 199 Suppliers
 
65-85-0
65-85-0 917 Suppliers
 
94-36-0
94-36-0 199 Suppliers
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8. Precursor and Product
precursor:
98-88-4
98-88-4
100-52-7
100-52-7
618-32-6
618-32-6
134-81-6
134-81-6
65-85-0
65-85-0
93-97-0
93-97-0
644-31-5
644-31-5
302-79-4
302-79-4
product:
98-88-4
98-88-4
93-99-2
93-99-2
588-47-6
588-47-6
548-59-4
548-59-4
774-65-2
774-65-2
91-66-7
91-66-7
93-97-0
93-97-0
119-53-9
119-53-9
92-94-4
92-94-4
50-78-2
50-78-2
9. Computed Properties
10.Other Information
Usage
Benzoyl peroxide is widely utilized as a radical initiator to induce polymerizations. It finds applications for acne treatment, for bleaching flour, hair and teeth and for cross-linking polyester resins. It also has major applications in antiseptic and bleaching properties. It serves as a catalyst for polyester thermoset resins and as a hardener to start the polymerization process.
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Storage Conditions
1. Cooling conditions in 30% sodium hydroxide solution by adding 30% hydrogen peroxide to generate sodium peroxide solution; and then stirring at 0 ~ 10 ° C dropping benzoyl chloride, the temperature is too high will cause hydrogen peroxide And the product was purified by the method of 2: 1 methanol / chloroform and dried (50-70 ° C) to obtain the product in a yield of 85% or more, and the product was purified by the method described above.
2. In the reactor, add more than 40% of the caustic soda solution, 0.75 parts, diluted with water to about 30%, cooled to 10 ° C under stirring, dropping 30% hydrogen peroxide 1, control reaction temperature (10 ± 2) ° C. After completion of the dropping, the temperature of the material was lowered to about 0 ° C by cooling the brine, and benzoyl chloride was added dropwise while stirring. The reaction temperature was kept below 0 ° C by adjusting the dropping rate of benzoyl chloride and enhancing the heat transfer. After adding benzoyl chloride drop, continue to maintain about 0 ℃, stirring reaction 2 ~ 3h. And then static stratification, release the lower waste, add ice water, while stirring side. And then standing stratification. Separate the lower layer of benzoyl peroxide, low-temperature drying, storage should be retained in the finished product water content of 25% to 30%.
3. 30% of the caustic soda solution will be cooled to 10 ° C stirring, dropping 30% hydrogen peroxide. After the dropwise addition, the temperature of the material was reduced to about 0 ° C, and the benzoyl chloride was added dropwise. Then, the layered product was separated and the lower layer of benzoyl peroxide was separated and dried at a low temperature to maintain a water content of 25% % To save.
4. Benzoyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide and alkali (or sodium peroxide) reaction, cooling, filtration, washing, recrystallization, derived from drying.
5. Ammonium bicarbonate as the basic medium, the other raw materials in the same circumstances, the reaction at room temperature synthesis of BPO's new technology will be a certain amount of benzoyl chloride into the benzoyl chloride tank stand-by; weighing the same quality hydrogen peroxide Stirring, and then adding a small amount of phase transfer catalyst sodium dodecyl sulfate, and then weigh the ammonium carbonate slowly into the reactor. After the ammonium bicarbonate was evenly distributed in the hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl chloride was gradually added dropwise to the reaction kettle at a constant flow rate. The amount of benzoyl chloride was adjusted according to the temperature of the reaction kettle, and kept at about 20 ℃ until benzoyl chloride All cast until the end. The reaction is completed when no gas is released in the reaction vessel. Open the non-blocking pump, the material hit the centrifuge can be dehydrated BPO products.
6. 22g anhydrous Na2CO3 dissolved in 200mL of water, about 15 ℃ in the ice water bath by adding 14mL30% H2O2, 1mL15% activator, and keep the temperature at about 15 ℃ dropping benzoyl chloride 28.0g, after the completion of mechanical Stirring 2h, the reaction generated white granular products, filtration, water once, a white granule product 28.0g. Determination of benzoyl peroxide content over 99% iodine, 22.5% moisture content, yield 90%.
7. Preparation method: In a reaction flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and two dropping funnels, add 100mL (0.29mol) of 10% hydrogen peroxide and cool to about 5 ℃ in an ice water bath. Benzoyl chloride
(1) 28.5 (0.2 mol) and 9.5 g of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 60 mL of water. The dropping speed was controlled to keep the reaction liquid weakly acidic. The reaction of solid precipitation. After stirring, the reaction was continued until no benzoyl chloride odor was observed. Filtration, washing, and then soaked with cold ethanol (to remove the possible presence of benzoic acid and benzoyl chloride), try to drain. Drying after benzoyl peroxide
(1) mp 106-108 ° C, yield 85%.
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Storage features
Fireproof. Separated from combustible substances and reducing agents. Store only in original packaging. See Chemical Dangers.
11. Toltal 174 Suppliers View more
Benzoyl peroxide CAS 94-36-0
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Benzoyl peroxide( CAS.:94-36-0)
Hebei Yanxi Chemical Co.,Ltd
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Benzoyl peroxide CAS 94-36-0
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12. Related Questions
Is Benzoyl Peroxide Effective in Treating Acne?Efficacy of Benzoyl peroxide in the treatment of acne Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a widely used topical acne medication with potent antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and acne-dissolving properties. It i..
What is Benzoyl Peroxide and its Various Applications? Benzoyl peroxide, also known as Dibenzoyl peroxide, is an organic acid in the peroxide family that has been effectively treating acne for over 60 years. It has unique properties that make it applicab..
What is Benzoyl Peroxide and How is it Synthesized?Benzoyl peroxide, also known as Dibenzoylperoxide (BPO), is a widely used organic peroxide. It is a white granular substance with a slight bitter almond odor and is classified as a strong oxidizing ag..
What is Benzoyl Peroxide and How is it Used in Medicine?General Description Benzoyl peroxide, often abbreviated as (BzO)2, is a molecule composed of two benzoyl (C6H5?C(=O)?) groups connected by a peroxide (?O?O?). It is primarily used as an oxidizer in th..
13. Realated Product Infomation
 
1. Names and Identifiers
2. Properties
3. Use and Manufacturing
4. Safety and Handling
5. Msds
6. NMR Spectrum
7. Synthesis Route
8. Precursor and Product
9. Computational chemical data
10. Other Information
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