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Calcium

CAS：7440-70-2
MW:40.078
MF：Ca

A silvery, soft metal that turns grayish white on exposure to air. Used in metallurgy.

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Names and ldentifier
Properties
Use and Manufacturing
Safety and Handling
Msds
Other Information
Computational chemical data
Related Questions
Realated Product Infomation

1. Names and Identifiers

1.1 Name: Calcium

1.2 Synonyms: [A3-(4-oxo-L-proline)]-actinomycin-D; 3a-(4-oxo-l-proline)-actinomycin; 3h-phenoxazine,actinomycindderiv.; 5'-(Methylthio-d3)adenosine; 5'-Deoxy(Methylthio-d3)adenosine; 5'-S-(Methyl-d3)thioadenosine; activated alumina; activated calcium powder; Brockmann 1; CALCIUM METAL; CALCIUM METALLO-ORGANIC STANDARD; calcium monocation; CALCIUM PLASMA EMISSION STANDARD; calcium powder; calcium(0); CALCIUM, OIL BASED STANDARD SOLUTION; CALCIUM, ORGANIC AAS STANDARD SOLUTION; CALCIUM, PLASMA STANDARD SOLUTION; dialuminium trioxide; EINECS 231-179-5; HARDNESS STANDARD; HARDNESS STANDARD REAGENT; MFCD00085314;

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1.3 CAS No.: 7440-70-2

1.4 CID: 5460341

1.5 EINECS: 231-179-5

1.6 Molecular Formula: Ca

1.7 Inchi: InChI=1S/Ca

1.8 InChkey: OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

1.9 Canonical Smiles: [Ca]

1.10 Isomers Smiles: [Ca]

2. Properties

2.1 Appearance: softish silver-white metal

2.2 Storage: Ambient temperatures.

2.3 Autoignition Temperature: 1454+-18 °F (USCG, 1999)

2.4 Carcinogenicity: No studies on the carcinogenicityof elemental calcium were noted. The carcinogenicity ofcalcium chromate is attributed solely to intracellular solublechromium.

2.5 Chemical Properties: Calcium is a silvery-white metal when freshly cut, which tarnishes to a blue-gray color in air. It can also be found as a powder.

2.6 Color/Form: Lustrous, silver-white surface (when freshly cut); face-centered cubic structure below 300 deg C; acquires bluish-gray tarnish on exposure to moist air
Silvery-white metal

2.7 Heat of Combustion: 151.9 cal/g

2.8 Odor: Odorless

2.9 Water Solubility: Decomposes in water, alcohol and acids to H2

2.10 Stability: Stable, but reacts with water to release hydrogen and produce calcium hydroxide. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alcohols, moisture.

2.11 StorageTemp: water-free area

3. Use and Manufacturing

3.1 Definition: Alkaline-earth element of atomic number 20, groupIIA of the periodic table. Aw 40.08. Valence 2. Sixstable isotopes.

3.2 Description: Calcium is a silvery-white metal when freshly cut, which tarnishes to a blue-gray color in air. It can also be found as a powder.Calcium cations (Ca2+ ) and calcium salts are among the most commonly encountered substances in water, arising mostly from dissolution of minerals. Calcium often is the most abundant cation in river water. Among the most common calcium minerals are the two crystalline forms of calcium carbonate-calcite and aragonite (CaCO 3 , limestone is primarily calci

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3.3 General Description: A silvery, soft metal that turns grayish white on exposure to air. Used in metallurgy.

3.4 Potential Exposure: Calcium is used as a raw material foraluminum, copper, and lead alloys.

3.5 Purification Methods: Clean the metal by washing it with ether to remove adhering paraffin, file the surface in an argon-filled glove box, and wash it with ethanol containing 2% of conc HCl. Then wash it with dry ethanol, dry it in a vacuum and store it under pure argon [Addison et al. J Chem Soc 3868 1962].

3.6 Usage: Calcium is used as a deoxidizer for copper,steel, and beryllium in metallurgy; to hardenlead for bearing; and in making alloys.

4. Safety and Handling

4.1 Fire Hazard: Produce flammable gases on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Some are transported in highly flammable liquids. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

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4.2 Other Preventative Measures: SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Do not use water. Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Keep material dry.
Personnel protection: ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Avoid breathing fumes from burning material.

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4.3 DisposalMethods: SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

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4.4 DOT Emergency Guidelines: /GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May ignite on contact with moist air or moisture. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. /Calcium, metal and alloys, pyrophoric; Calcium, pyrophoric; Calcium alloys, pyrophoric/
/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Health: Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Inhalation of decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. /Calcium, metal and alloys, pyrophoric; Calcium, pyrophoric; Calcium alloys, pyrophoric/
/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Stay upwind. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Keep out of low areas. /Calcium, metal and alloys, pyrophoric; Calcium, pyrophoric; Calcium alloys, pyrophoric/
/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Calcium, metal and alloys, pyrophoric; Calcium, pyrophoric; Calcium alloys, pyrophoric/
/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Evacuation: ... Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. /Calcium, metal and alloys, pyrophoric; Calcium, pyrophoric; Calcium alloys, pyrophoric/
/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Fire: DO NOT USE WATER, CO2 OR FOAM ON MATERIAL ITSELF. Some of these materials may react violently with water. ... Small fires: Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or dry sand. ... Large fires: DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime, ... or withdraw from area and let fire burn. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers or in contact with substance. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. /Calcium, metal and alloys, pyrophoric; Calcium, pyrophoric; Calcium alloys, pyrophoric/
/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Spill or Leak: Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leak with no fire. ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Small spills: ... Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand, or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. /Calcium, metal and alloys, pyrophoric; Calcium, pyrophoric; Calcium alloys, pyrophoric/
/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ First Aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Keep victim warm and quiet. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. /Calcium, metal and alloys, pyrophoric; Calcium, pyrophoric; Calcium alloys, pyrophoric/
/GUIDE 138: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (EMITTING FLAMMABLE GASES)/ Fire or Explosion: Produce flammable gases on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Some are transported in highly flammable liquids. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
/GUIDE 138: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (EMITTING FLAMMABLE GASES)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance, or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
/GUIDE 138: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (EMITTING FLAMMABLE GASES)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meter (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate the area before entry.
/GUIDE 138: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (EMITTING FLAMMABLE GASES)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
/GUIDE 138: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (EMITTING FLAMMABLE GASES)/ Evacuation: ... If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
/GUIDE 138: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (EMITTING FLAMMABLE GASES)/ Fire: DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM. Small fires: Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand. Large fires: DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. ... Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
/GUIDE 138: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (EMITTING FLAMMABLE GASES)/ Spill or Leak: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Small spills: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand, or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so. Powder spills: Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry. DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.
/GUIDE 138: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (EMITTING FLAMMABLE GASES)/ First Aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, wipe from skin immediately; flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Keep victim warm and quiet. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

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4.5 Fire Fighting Procedures: Use approved Class D extinguishers or smother with dry sand, dry clay, or dry ground limestone. DO NOT use carbon dioxide or halogenated extinguishing agents. DO NOT use water. Violent reaction may result.
If material on fir or involved in fire: Do not use water. Do not use carbon dioxide. Use graphite, soda ash, powdered sodium chloride, or suitable dry powder.

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4.6 FirePotential: Flammable when finely divided.
Flammable when heated or in intimate contact with moisture or acids.

4.7 Formulations/Preparations: Available as commercial grade with 99.5% purity and redistilled grade with 99.9% purity
Forms: Crowns, Nodules, Ingots, Crystals up to 99.9% pure

4.8 Incompatibilities: Forms hydrogen gas on contact with air;finely divided material or dust may ignite spontaneously. Astrong reducing agent; reacts violently with water, acids,strong oxidizers (such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine),alkaline carbonates, dinitrogen tetroxide; halogenatedhydrocarbons; lead chloride, halogens, alkaline hydroxides,oxygen, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, fluorine, chlorine trifluoride, and many other substances. Reacts with water to produce flammable hydrogen gas Calcium Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials

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4.9 Protective Equipment and Clothing: Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system.

4.10 Reactivities and Incompatibilities: Calcium reacts violently with acids.
MIXT OF CALCIUM & VANADIUM OXIDE CONTAMINATED WITH SULFUR AND SOME MOISTURE CAUSED A SEVERE FIRE.
SOLID CALCIUM IGNITES SPONTANEOUSLY IN MOIST OXYGEN.
FINELY DIVIDED OR MASSIVE CALCIUM BURNS SPONTANEOUSLY IN FLUORINE @ ORDINARY TEMP.
FINELY DIVIDED CALCIUM BURNS SPONTANEOUSLY IN CHLORINE. SOLID CALCIUM BURNS SPONTANEOUSLY IN CHLORINE @ ELEVATED TEMP.
... CALCIUM RAPIDLY DECOMPOSES IN WATER. THE HEAT OF REACTION IS SUFFICIENT THAT THE EVOLVED HYDROGEN MAY IGNITE.
MIXT OF CALCIUM & SULFUR, WHEN IGNITED, REACTS EXPLOSIVELY. CALCIUM BURNS IN SULFUR VAPOR WITH A BRILLIANT FLAME. THE REACTION BEGINS AT ABOUT 400 DEG C.
... CALCIUM & SILICON REACT VIOLENTLY IF HEATED TO 1,050 DEG C.
CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE COMBINED WITH CALCIUM ... FORMS PROTECTIVE CRUST, BUT REACTION IS VIOLENT ON HEATING.
Potentially explosive reaction with alkali metal hydroxides or carbonates; dinitrogen tetraoxide; lead chloride + heat; phosphorus(V) oxide + heat ... Molten calcium reacts explosively with asbestos cement. Hypergolic reaction with chlorine fluorides ... Ignition on contact with halogens ... Violent reaction with mercury (at 390 deg C); ... sodium + mixed oxides + heat. Incompatible with air.
Moderate explosion hazard in intimate contact with very powerful oxidizing agents. ... Can develop explosive pressure in containers. ... Violent reaction with water may evolve explosive hydrogen gas. Potentially explosive reaction with alkali metal hydroxides or carbonates; dinitrogen tetraoxide; lead chloride + heat; phosphorus(V) oxide + heat; sulfur + heat. Molten calcium reacts explosively with asbestos cement.

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4.11 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations: Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system.

4.12 Safety: Hazard Codes:?F
Risk Statements: 15?
R15:Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
Safety Statements: 8-24/25-43?
S8:Keep container dry.?
S24/25:Avoid contact with skin and eyes.?
S43:In case of fire use ... (there follows the type of fire-fighting equipment to be used.)
RIDADR: UN 1401 4.3/PG 2
WGK Germany: 1
HazardClass: 4.3
PackingGroup: II

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4.13 Specification: ? Calcium (CAS NO.7440-70-2), its Synonyms are Elemental calcium ; HSDB 273 ; UNII-SY7Q814VUP . It is silvery, soft metal that turns grayish white on exposure to air. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, and is the fifth most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. Calcium is also the fifth most abundant dissolved ion in seawater by both molarity and mass, after sodium, chloride, magnesium, and sulfate.

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5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Substances and mixtures, which in contact with water, emit flammable gases, Category 2

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statement(s)	H261 In contact with water releases flammable gas
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention	P223 Do not allow contact with water. P231+P232 Handle and store contents under inert gas/.... Protect from moisture. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
Response	P302+P335+P334 IF ON SKIN: Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water [or wrap in wet bandages]. P370+P378 In case of fire: Use ... to extinguish.
Storage	P402+P404 Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.
Disposal	P501 Dispose of contents/container to ...

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

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6. Synthesis Route

7440-70-2Total: 17 Synthesis Route

75-20-7 570 Suppliers

7440-70-2 71 Suppliers

75-20-7 570 Suppliers

7440-70-2 71 Suppliers

7440-44-0 489 Suppliers

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7. Precursor and Product

precursor:

7789-78-8

7440-32-6

156-62-7

75-20-7

product:

2914-17-2

7439-89-6

68-04-2

141-79-7

7440-44-0

7789-41-5

2556-53-8

75-20-7

8. Computed Properties

Molecular Weight：40.078g/mol
Molecular Formula：Ca
Compound Is Canonicalized：True
XLogP3-AA：39.9625908
Monoisotopic Mass：39.9625908
Complexity：0
Rotatable Bond Count：0
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count：0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count：0
Topological Polar Surface Area：0
Heavy Atom Count：：1
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count：0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count：0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count：0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count：0
Isotope Atom Count：0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count：1
CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint：AAADcQAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==

9.Other Information

Merck: 13,1644

BRN: 4241647

Chemical Properties: Calcium is a silvery-white metal when freshly cut, which tarnishes to a blue-gray color in air. It can also be found as a powder.

Calcium cations (Ca2+ ) and calcium salts are among the most commonly encountered substances in water, arising mostly from dissolution of minerals. Calcium often is the most abundant cation in river water. Among the most common calcium minerals are the two crystalline forms of calcium carbonate-calcite and aragonite (CaCO 3 , limestone is primarily calcite), calcium sulfate (the dehydrated form, CaSO4 , is anhydrite; the hydrated form, CaSO4.2H2O, is gypsum), calcium magnesium carbonate (CaMg(CO3) 2 , dolomite), and, less often, calcium fluoride (CaF2 , fluorite).

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Chemical Properties: Calcium is a silver-white metal, somewhat malleable and ductile; stable in dry air, but in moist air or with water reacts to form calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas; when heated burns in air to form calcium oxide emitting a brilliant light. Discovered by Davy in 1808.
There are six stable isotopes, ⁴⁰Ca, ⁴²Ca, ⁴³Ca, ⁴⁴Ca, ⁴⁶Ca, and ⁴⁸Ca, with a predomination of 40Ca. In terms of abundance, calcium ranks fifth among the elements occurring in the earth’s crust, with an average of 3.64% calcium in igneous rocks. In terms of content in seawater, the element ranks seventh, with an estimated 1,900,000 tons of calcium per cubic mile (400,000 metric tons per cubic kilometer) of seawater.

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Physical properties: Bright, silvery-white metal; face-centered cubic crystal structure (α = 0.5582 nm) at ordinary temperatures, transforming to body-centered cubic form (α = 0.4407) at 430°C; density 1.54 g/cm³ at 20°C; hardness 2 Mohs, 17 Brinnel (500 kg load); melts at 851°C; vaporizes at 1,482°C; electrical resistivity 3.43 and 4.60 microhm-cm at 0° and 20°C, respectively; modulus of elasticity 3-4x106 psi; mass magnetic susceptibility +1.10x10-6 cgs; surface tension 255 dynes/cm; brick-red color when introduced to flame (flame test); standard reduction potential E° = -2.87V.

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Occurrence: A few calcium compounds, such as calcium oxide and calcium carbonate have been known since ancient times. The metal was isolated by Davy in 1808. Earlier its amalgam was prepared by Berzelius and Pontin. Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the earth’s crust, constituting 4.15 % by weight. Its concentration in sea water is 412 mg/L. Calcium is a highly reactive metal and is never found in free elemental form. Its compounds, however,are widely distributed in nature. Some of its common ores are limestone (CaCO₃), gypsum (CaSO₄?2H₂O), fluorite (CaF₂), anorthite (CaAl₂Si₂O₈) and apatite (Ca₅FP₃O₁₂). It also occurs in living matter, as an essential element in bones, teeth, shell, corals, and plant leaves. It constitutes about 2% of body weight, found mostly in bones and teeth. Its concentration in the blood is about 100 mg/L, found in blood proteins and serum.
The few limited applications of calcium are mostly in metallurgy. It is used to produce alloys with aluminum, lead, beryllium, copper, silicon, and other metals; as a desulfurizer, decarburizer, and deoxidizer for ferrous and nonferrous alloys; for removal of bismuth from lead; and as a reducing agent for zirconium, uranium, thorium, and other metals. Minor, non-metallurgical applications include dehydration of organic solvents; purification of helium, argon, and other inert gases to remove nitrogen and other impurities; and as a “getter” for residual gases in vacuum tubes. Calcium compounds have numerous applications (see individual compounds).

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Uses: Calcium is largely used in the production of steel however it may also be applied to various health treatments involving the calcium-channel and anti-depressant activity. In addition it may be a necessary supplement in fracture healing of bones in mammals.

Uses: Calcium is used as a deoxidizer for copper,steel, and beryllium in metallurgy; to hardenlead for bearing; and in making alloys.

Uses: Reducing agent for production of less common metals; alloying agent to increase strength and corrosion resistance in lead, to improve mechanical and electrical properties in aluminum; refining agent to remove bismuth from lead. In metallurgy as scavenger to deoxidize, desulfurize and degas steel and cast iron; to control non-metallic inclusions in steel; to promote uniform microstructure in gray iron. As anode material in thermal batteries; as "getter" for oxygen and nitrogen.

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Production Methods: Calcium may be obtained by electrolytic or thermal reduction of its salts.Electrolytic reduction involves electrolysis of partially molten calcium chloride at 780° to 800°C in a graphite lined steel vessel. The method requires precise control of temperature and current. The solid deposit of metal produced may contain entrapped salt and impurities such as chlorine and nitrogen. It is re-melted to reduce impurity levels.
Currently, thermal reduction processes have replaced the electrolysis method. The starting material in these methods is limestone, which is calcined to produce calcium oxide. The latter is ground, mixed and compacted with aluminum, and reduced at temperatures between 1,000° to 1,200°C under vacuum. Calcium vapors formed in low yield under such thermodynamic conditions are transferred from the reactor and condensed in cool zones, thus shifting the equilibrium to allow formation of more calcium vapors. The reactions are as follows:
4Ca + 2Al → CaO?Al₂O₃ + 3Ca (vapor)
6Ca + 2Al → 3CaO?Al₂O₃ + 3Ca (vapor).

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Definition: Alkaline-earth element of atomic number 20, group IIA of the periodic table. Aw 40.08. Valence 2. Six stable isotopes.

General Description: A silvery, soft metal that turns grayish white on exposure to air. Used in metallurgy.

Air & Water Reactions: Pyrophoric ignites in air when finely divided, then burns with crimson flame [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Calcium rapidly decomposes in water, the heat of reaction is sufficient that hydrolysis released hydrogen may ignite [Lab. Gov. Chemist 1966].

Reactivity Profile: Boron trifluoride reacts with incandescence when heated with alkali metals or alkaline earth metals except magnesium [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Calcium reacts violently with acids [Lab. Govt. Chemist 1965]. Finely divided Calcium burns spontaneously in chlorine at elevated temperatures [Mellor 3:637, 638, 651 1946-47]. Finely divided or massive Calcium burns spontaneously in fluorine at ordinary temperatures. Calcium is incompatible with metal oxides, alkali metal hydroxides, chlorine fluorides, dinitrogen tetraoxide, and sulfur(with sulfur reacts explosively when ignited) [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995].

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Hazard: Evolves hydrogen with moisture. Flammable in finely divided state. Fire and explosion hazard when heated or on contact with strong oxidizing agents.

Health Hazard: Calcium is an essential nutrient for plants and animals, essential for bone, nervous system, and cell development. Recommended daily intakes for adults are between 800 and 1200 mg/day. Most of this is obtained in food; drinking water typically accounts for 50–300 mg/day, depending on the water hardness and assuming inges- tion of 2 L/day. Calcium in food and water is essentially nontoxic. A number of stud- ies suggest that water hardness protects against cardiovascular disease. One possible adverse effect from ingestion of high concentrations of calcium for long periods of time may be a greater risk of kidney stones. The presence of calcium in water decreases the toxicity of many metals to aquatic life. Stream standards for these met- als are expressed as a function of hardness and pH. Thus, the presence of calcium in water is beneficial and no limits on calcium have been established for protection of human or aquatic health.

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Fire Hazard: Produce flammable gases on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Some are transported in highly flammable liquids. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

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Mechanism of action: About 48% of serum calcium is ionic, ca 46% is bound to blood proteins, the rest is present as diffusible complexes, e.g., of citrate. The calcium ion level must be maintained within definite limits.
Bones act as a reservoir of certain ions, in particular Ca2+ and PO4^3-, which readily exchange between bones and blood. Bone structure comprises a strong organic matrix combined with an inorganic phase which is principally hydroxyapatite, 3Ca3(PO4)2·Ca(OH)2. Bones contain two forms of hydroxyapatite. The less soluble crystalline form contributes to the rigidity of the structure. The crystals are quite stable, but because of the small size present a very large surface area available for rapid exchange of ions and molecules with other tissues. There is also a more soluble intercrystalline fraction. Bone salts also contain small amounts of magnesium, sodium, carbonate, citrate, chloride, and fluoride. Osteoporosis is reported to result when bone resorption is relatively faster than bone formation. The calcium ion, necessary for blood-clot formation, stimulates release of bloodclotting factors from platelets.

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Potential Exposure: Calcium is used as a raw material for aluminum, copper, and lead alloys.

Carcinogenicity: No studies on the carcinogenicity of elemental calcium were noted. The carcinogenicity of calcium chromate is attributed solely to intracellular soluble chromium.

Purification Methods: Clean the metal by washing it with ether to remove adhering paraffin, file the surface in an argon-filled glove box, and wash it with ethanol containing 2% of conc HCl. Then wash it with dry ethanol, dry it in a vacuum and store it under pure argon [Addison et al. J Chem Soc 3868 1962].

Incompatibilities: Forms hydrogen gas on contact with air; finely divided material or dust may ignite spontaneously. A strong reducing agent; reacts violently with water, acids, strong oxidizers (such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine), alkaline carbonates, dinitrogen tetroxide; halogenated hydrocarbons; lead chloride, halogens, alkaline hydroxides, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, fluorine, chlorine trifluoride, and many other substances. Reacts with water to produce flammable hydrogen gas

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10. Toltal 60 Suppliers View more

Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd

^1YR

Tel: Update Time:2024/11/15

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Hangzhou Dingyan Chem Co.,Ltd

^1YR

Tel: Update Time:2024/11/15

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TENG ZHOU ZHONG ZHENG CHEMICAL CO.,LTD.

Tel: Update Time:2016/08/08

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china haorun industry group co.,ltd

Tel: Update Time:2018/11/21

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HENAN SUNLAKE ENTERPRISE CORPORATION

Tel: Update Time:2019/02/25

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11. Related Questions

: What are the isotopes of natural Calcium?Comprising a mixture of stable isotopes and one long-lived radioisotope, natural Calcium (Ca) is an element with a unique isotopic composition. The most abundant isotope, 40Ca, makes up nearly 97% of ..; What are Flame Tests and How Do They Identify Metal Ions?Flame tests are a method used to detect specific metal ions in a compound. While not all metal ions produce distinct flame colors, they can still be identified through this process. A flame represents..; Why is copper a better conductor of electricity than calcium? How would we compare the electrical conductivity between copper and calcium? I understand that electrical conductivity of a metal is dependent on the number of delocalized electrons for that metal. H..; Calcium reactor and pH In a 400400 liter aquarium, whose bicarbonate level is kept constant, it is initially equal to 122 mg/L122 mg/L and you want to raise the pHpH from 8.38.3 to 8.488.48 . For this, a calcium reactor ca..

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