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Magnesium oxide structure

Magnesium oxide

CAS：1309-48-4
MW:40.3044
MF：MgO

Magnesium oxide (MgO, CAS No: 1309-48-4, MW: 40.3044 g/mol) is an inorganic compound. Magnesium oxide is a white, odorless powder made from magnesium and oxygen. It is widely used in a variety of industries, including construction, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals. In construction, it is used as a fire-resistant material in building products, while in agriculture, it serves as a magnesium supplement for soil and plants.

Magnesium oxide is also used in the production of refractory materials for high-temperature applications, such as steel manufacturing and furnace linings. It has a wide range of other uses, including in electrical insulation, as a laxative in medicine, and as a supplement in dietary products to support bone health. Its high melting point and chemical stability make it useful in many industrial processes.

When handling magnesium oxide, it should be stored in a cool, dry place to maintain its quality. Although generally safe, it is important to use protective equipment, such as gloves and a dust mask, when handling large quantities, as inhalation of dust may cause respiratory irritation. Proper safety protocols should be followed to prevent unnecessary exposure.

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Names and ldentifier
Properties
Use and Manufacturing
Safety and Handling
Msds
Other Information
Computational chemical data
Related Questions
Realated Product Infomation

1. Names and Identifiers

1.1 Name: Magnesium oxide

1.2 Synonyms: EINECS 215-171-9; Ethanedioic acid,magnesium salt; magnesium monoxide; magnesium oxalate; magnesium oxalate dihydrate,puratronic; MAGNESIUM OXIDE, NANOPOWDER; MAGNESIUM PERMANGANATE HYDRATE; Magnesiumoxalat; Magnesiumoxalat-2-hydrat; Magnesiumoxalatedihydrate; MFCD00011109; Mg monoxide; MgO; Oxalic acid magnesium; Oxalic acid magnesium salt; seawatermagnesia; Sermag; slo369; slo469; Tanbase;

1.3 CAS No.: 1309-48-4

1.4 CID: 14792

1.5 EINECS: 215-171-9

1.6 Molecular Formula: MgO

1.7 Inchi: InChI=1S/Mg.O

1.8 InChkey: CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

1.9 Canonical Smiles: O=[Mg]

1.10 Isomers Smiles: O=[Mg]

2. Properties

2.1 Solubility: 6.2 mg/L (20 oC)

2.2 Appearance: Finely divided white particulate dispersed in air. [Note: Exposure may occur when magnesium is burned, thermally cut, or welded upon.]

2.3 Storage: Magnesium oxide is stable at normal temperatures and pressures.However, it forms magnesium hydroxide in the presence of water.Magnesium oxide is hygroscopic and rapidly absorbs water andcarbon dioxide on exposure to the air, the light form more readilythan the heavy form.The bulk material should be stored in an airtight container in acool, dry place.

2.4 Color/Form: White

2.5 PH: 10.3 (H2O, 20℃)(saturated solution)

2.6 Water Solubility: 5 M HCl: 0.1?M at?20?°C, clear, colorless | 6.2 mg/L (20 oC), reacts

2.7 Spectral Properties: Index of refraction: 1.735
Highly reflective in visible and near UV region

2.8 Stability: Stable. Incompatible with bromine trifluoride, bromine trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride.

2.9 StorageTemp: no restrictions.

3. Use and Manufacturing

3.1 Agricultural Uses: Magnesia is a term used for magnesium oxide (MgO).Magnesite, caustic-calcium magnesite, dead-burnedmagnesite and synthetic magnesite are also loosely usedas synonyms for magnesia.

3.2 Definition: Two forms are produced,one a light, fluffy material prepared by a relativelylow-temperature dehydration of the hydroxide, theother a dense material made by high-temperaturefurnacing of the oxide after it has been formed fromthe carbonate or hydroxide.

3.3 Description

Magnesium oxide, with the chemical formula MgO, has the CAS number 1309-48-4. It appears as a white solid with no odor. The basic structure of magnesium oxide consists of one magnesium atom bonded to one oxygen atom. This compound is sparingly soluble in water. Magnesium oxide is generally considered safe for use, but it can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. It is important to handle this chemical with care and avoid inhalation or direct contact. In case of ingestion, seek medical attention immediately. Magnesium oxide is not flammable and does not emit toxic fumes when exposed to high temperatures. However, it should be stored away from heat sources to prevent any potential hazards.

Applicable Fields

Agriculture: Magnesium oxide is commonly used as a fertilizer in agriculture. Its purpose in this field is to provide plants with essential magnesium nutrients. The mechanism of action involves the release of magnesium ions into the soil, which can be absorbed by plant roots and contribute to their growth and development.

Medicine: Magnesium oxide is also used in medicine as a dietary supplement. Its purpose in this field is to provide the body with additional magnesium, which is important for various physiological functions. The mechanism of action involves the absorption of magnesium ions in the digestive system, which can help maintain proper magnesium levels in the body.

Storage

Conditions: Store in a cool and dry place.

3.4 General Description: Finely divided white particulate dispersed in air. (Note: Exposure may occur when magnesium is burned, thermally cut, or welded upon.).

3.5 Potential Exposure: Used in oil refining, pulp and papermills; tire manufacturing; in the manufacture of refractorycrucibles; fire bricks; magnesia cements and boiler scalecompounds. Exposure may occur when magnesium isburned, thermally cut, or welded upon.

3.6 Shipping: UN1418 Magnesium, powder or Magnesiumalloys, powder Hazard Class: 4.3; Labels: 4.3-Dangerouswhen wet material, 4.2-Spontaneously combustiblemateria

3.7 Usage: Magnesium oxide (MgO) is used as a lining for steel furnaces, as a component in ceramics,as food additives and pharmaceuticals, and to make strong window glass, fertilizers, paper,and rubber manufacturing.

4. Safety and Handling

4.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations: Magnesium oxide used as a nutrient and/or dietary supplement in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

4.2 DisposalMethods: SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

4.3 Safety Profile: Inhalation of the fumes can produce a febrile reaction and leucocytosis in humans. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Violent reaction or ignition in contact with interhalogens (e.g., bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride), Incandescent reaction with phosphorus pentachloride. See also MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS.

4.4 Formulations/Preparations: Grades: Technical, chemically pure, ... /USP/, 99.5%, Food Chemical Codex, fused, low boron, rubber, semiconductor, single crystals.
The principal commercial forms of magnesia are dead-burned magnesia (periclase), caustic-calcined (light-burned magnesia), hard-burned magnesia, and calcined dolomite.

4.5 Incompatibilities: Magnesium oxide is a basic compound and as such can react withacidic compounds in the solid state to form salts such asMg(ibuprofen)2 or degrade alkaline-labile drugs.Adsorption ofvarious drugs onto magnesium oxide has been reported, such asantihistamines, antibiotics (especially tetracyclines),salicylates, atropine sulfate,hyoscyamine hydrobromide, paracetamol,chloroquine; and anthranilic acid derivatives have beenreported to adsorb onto the surface of magnesium oxide.Magnesium oxide can also complex with polymers, e.g. EudragitRS, to retard drug release and can interact in the solid statewith phenobarbitone sodium. Magnesium oxide can also reducethe bioavailability of phenytoin,trichlormethiazide,and antiarrhythmics.The presence of magnesium oxide can also have anegative impact on the solid-state chemical stability of drugs, suchas diazepam.Magnesium oxide has been used as a stabilizer foromeprazole due to its strong waterproofing effect.

4.6 Protective Equipment and Clothing: Respirator Recommendations: Up to 150 mg/m3: (Assigned protection factor = 10) Any dust, mist, and fume respirator/(Assigned protection factor = 10) Any supplied-air respirator.
Respirator Recommendations: Up to 375 mg/m3: (Assigned protection factor = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode/(Assigned protection factor = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a dust, mist, and fume filter.
Respirator Recommendations: Up to 750 mg/m3: (Assigned protection factor = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter/(Assigned protection factor = 50) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and a high-efficiency particulate filter (substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection)/(Assigned protectioin factor = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece/(Assigned protection factor = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece.
Respirator Recommendations: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: (Assigned protection factor = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode/(Assigned protection factor = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus. SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
Respirator Recommendations: Escape: (Assigned protection factor = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.
Personnel protection: ? Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ? Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. ? /Magnesium alkyls/
Personnel protection: Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. /Magnesium powder or magnesium alloys, powder/ SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

4.7 Reactivities and Incompatibilities: Chlorine trifluoride, phosphorus pentachloride.
/Phosphorus pentachloride and magnesium oxide/ ... react with brilliant incandescence.
Violent reaction or ignition on contact with interhalogens (e.g., bromine pentafluoride; chlorine trifluoride). Incandescent reaction with phosphorus pentachloride.
Chlorine trifluoride reacts violently, producing flame, with ... magnesium oxide ... .

4.8 Report: Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

4.9 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations: Toxic by inhalation of fumes.
Examination of 95 workers exposed to an unspecified concentration of MgO dust revealed slight iritation of the eyes and nose. ... Conjunctivitis, nasal catarrh, and coughing up discolored sputum /was cited/ after industrial exposures, but even when such exposures doubled serum magnesium as compared to normal concentrations, no systematic effects were noted amoung these workers; however, serum calcium concentrations were elevated.

4.10 Safety: Risk Statements of Magnesium oxide (CAS NO.1309-48-4): 20/22-36/37/38
R20/22:Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed.?
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
Safety Statements: 24/25
S24/25:Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
RIDADR: UN 1418
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: OM3850000
F: 3
HazardClass: 8
PackingGroup: III
HS Code: 25199010
Hazardous Substances Data 1309-48-4(Hazardous Substances Data)
Inhalation of the fumes can produce a febrile reaction and leucocytosis in humans. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Violent reaction or ignition in contact with interhalogens (e.g., bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride). Incandescent reaction with phosphorus pentachloride. See also MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS.

4.11 Sensitive: Air Sensitive

4.12 Specification: ??Magnesium oxide ,?its cas register number is 1309-48-4. It also can be called?100A (oxide) ; AM 2 (cement additive) ;
?Akro-mag ; Animag ; Anscor P ; BayMag ; Calcined brucite ; Calcined magnesia ; Causmag ; Caustic magnesite ; Elastomag 170 ; Fert-O-Mag ; FloMag HP ; Granmag ; Hamag LP ; Heavy calcined magnesia ; Heavy magnesia ; Heavy magnesium oxide ; Light magnesia ; Liquimag A ; Liquimag B ; Luvatol MK 35 ; Maglite ; Magmilax bolus ; Magnesa preprata ;?
?Magnesia ; Magnesia USTA ; Magnesia monoxide ; Magnezu tlenek ; Magox ; Marmag ; Oxymag ; Periclase ; Seasorb ;
?Seawater magnesia .

4.13 Toxicity: TCLo inhalation in human: 400mg/m3

5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Not classified.

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)	No symbol.
Signal word	No signal word.
Hazard statement(s)	none
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention	none
Response	none
Storage	none
Disposal	none

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

6. Synthesis Route

1309-48-4Total: 3 Synthesis Route

7439-95-4

7439-95-4

1309-48-4

1309-48-4 820 Suppliers

10028-15-6

10028-15-6 18 Suppliers

7439-95-4

7439-95-4

1309-48-4

1309-48-4 820 Suppliers

7. Precursor and Product

precursor:

10028-15-6

10028-15-6

8. Computed Properties

Molecular Weight：40.3044g/mol
Molecular Formula：MgO
Compound Is Canonicalized：True
XLogP3-AA：39.9799563
Monoisotopic Mass：39.9799563
Complexity：2
Rotatable Bond Count：0
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count：0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count：1
Topological Polar Surface Area：17.1
Heavy Atom Count：：2
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count：0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count：0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count：0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count：0
Isotope Atom Count：0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count：1
CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint：AAADcQAAIAAAACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==

9.Other Information

Merck: 14,5677

Application

Light magnesium oxide is used in ceramics, enamel, refractory crucible, refractory bricks, etc., also used as polishing agent, binder, paint and paper filler, neoprene accelerator, activator. In medicine, it can be used as antacids, laxatives, for the treatment of hyperacidity and duodenal ulcer disease, but also for glass, phenolic, plastics and other industries.
Dead-roasted magnesium oxide, namely magnesite, has granular type and brick type, being widely used as the refractory materials of steel furnace, cement kiln and glass furnace.
Alkaline granular refractory, mainly used for metal refining industry, with massive refractory for the furnace, or granular material for maintenance; Use spray, coating method to have it attached to the furnace wall in order to enhance the furnace fire resistance.
Magnesium oxide produce a positive charge inside the water with most of the suspended material being negatively charged, acting absorption role, can improve the filtration effect.

Toxicity: Magnesium oxide is mildly irritating to the conjunctiva and nasal mucosa. Vapors can cause ulcer disease. Dust can cause breathing problems, chest pain, coughing, diffusive interstitial fibrosis and emphysema. The maximum allowable concentration in the United States is 10 mg / m3.

Usage limit: FAO / WHO (1984): milk powder 10 g / kg; cream powder 1 g / kg (both limited for vending machines).
FDA, § 184.143l, 2000: use GMP as limit.
Japan limits its usage for adsorption.

Description: Magnesium oxide (MgO), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral, often found as a powder, which occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium . It has an empirical formula of MgO and consists of a lattice of Mg2+ ions and O2? ions held together by ionic bonding. Magnesium oxide is only very slightly soluble in water but in aqueous media combines quickly with water to form magnesium hydroxide. The majority of magnesium oxide produced today is obtained from the calcination of naturally occurring minerals, magnesite, MgCO3, being the most common. Other important sources of magnesium oxide are seawater, underground deposits of brine and deep salt beds from which magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] is processed. In medicine, magnesium oxide can be used as an antacid to relieve heartburn, sour stomach, or acid indigestion, as a laxative for short-term, rapid emptying of the bowel (before surgery, for example) and as a mineral supplement used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood. Besides, magnesium oxide also has many nonmedicinal uses. Caustic calcined magnesia is used in a wide range of industrial applications e.g. plastics, rubber, adhesives and acid neutralization. Magnesium oxide with lower chemical activity can be used for fertilizers and animal feed. Dead-burned magnesia and finally fused magnesia can be used for a variety of refractory and electrical applications e.g. furnace lining, crucibles and fireproofing boarding.

Chemical Properties: white or light grey powder

Chemical Properties: Magnesium oxide forms a finely divided white particulate dispersed in air.

Uses: Absorbant for colorants prior to determination; preparation of Eschka's reagent.

Uses: Magnesium Oxide is a source of magnesium which functions as a nutrient and dietary supplement. it exists as a bulky white powder termed light magnesium oxide or as a dense white powder known as heavy magnesium oxide. it is practically insoluble in water and is insoluble in alcohol.

Uses: manufacture of refractory crucibles, fire bricks, magnesia cements and boiler scale compounds, "powdered" oils, casein glue. Reflector in optical instruments; white color standard. Insulator at low temp.

Definition: Two forms are produced, one a light, fluffy material prepared by a relatively low-temperature dehydration of the hydroxide, the other a dense material made by high-temperature furnacing of the oxide after it has been formed from the carbonate or hydroxide.

General Description: Finely divided white particulate dispersed in air. (Note: Exposure may occur when magnesium is burned, thermally cut, or welded upon.).

Reactivity Profile: Phosphorus pentachloride and magnesium oxide react with brilliant incandescence [Mellor 8:1016. 1946-1947]. The oxide is incompatible with interhalogens such as bromine pentafluoride, etc.

Hazard: Toxic by inhalation of fume. Upper respiratory tract irritant, and metal fume fever. Questionable carcinogen.

Agricultural Uses: Magnesia is a term used for magnesium oxide (MgO). Magnesite, caustic-calcium magnesite, dead-burned magnesite and synthetic magnesite are also loosely used as synonyms for magnesia.

Safety Profile: Inhalation of the fumes can produce a febrile reaction and leucocytosis in humans. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Violent reaction or ignition in contact with interhalogens (e.g., bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride), Incandescent reaction with phosphorus pentachloride. See also MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS.

Potential Exposure: Used in oil refining, pulp and paper mills; tire manufacturing; in the manufacture of refractory crucibles; fire bricks; magnesia cements and boiler scale compounds. Exposure may occur when magnesium is burned, thermally cut, or welded upon.

Shipping: UN1418 Magnesium, powder or Magnesium alloys, powder Hazard Class: 4.3; Labels: 4.3-Dangerous when wet material, 4.2-Spontaneously combustible materia

Incompatibilities: Violent reaction with halogens/interhalogens, chlorine trifluoride, bromine pentalfluoride; strong acids. Phosphorus pentachloride and magnesium oxide react with brilliant incandescence (Mellor 8:1016. 19461947). May ignite and explode when heated with sublimed sulfur, magnesium powder, or aluminum powder

References: 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_oxide
2. https://www.chemistryworld.com/podcasts/magnesium-oxide/7645.article
3. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/magnesium_oxide#section=Top
4. http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=54
5. https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601074.html
6. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/magnesium%20oxide
7. http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-3954/magnesium-oxide-oral/details

Usage: For plasma spraying, Refractory applications, electrical insulation, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, paper manufacture, adsorption and catalysis, and in semiconductors, reflector in optical instruments. Magnesium oxide is used as a laboratory reagent and an insulator in industrial cables. It acts as a reference material for calorimetry. It is widely used as a basic refractory material for crucibles, a protective coating in plasma displays, an oxide barrier in spin-tunneling devices, an optical material, a component of tubular construction in heating elements, and also in libraries for preserving books. Magnesium oxide microspheres used in enrichment method of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Usage: Magnesium oxide is used as a laboratory reagent and an insulator in industrial cables. It acts as a reference material for calorimetry. It is widely used as a basic refractory material for crucibles, a protective coating in plasma displays, an oxide barrier in spin-tunneling devices, an optical material, a component of tubular construction in heating elements, and also in libraries for preserving books. Magnesium oxide microspheres used in enrichment method of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Usage: Magnesium oxide is used as a laboratory reagent, and a good reference white color for colorimetry. Magneisum oxide microspheres is used for enrichment method of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It is also used in groundwater studies.

Usage: Magnesium oxide is used as a refractive material, which is physically and chemically stable at higher temperature. Magnesium oxide is a raw material for producing portland cement. It is also used in agricultural, chemical construction, environment al and other industrial applications. It is also used in medicine, colorimetry, industrial cables, heating elements, ceramics, spin-tunneling devices, and several other materials.

Usage: Magnesium oxide is used as a laboratory reagent and an insulator in industrial cables. It acts as a reference material for calorimetry. It is widely used as a basic refractory material for crucibles, as a protective coating in plasma displays, as an oxide barrier in spin-tunneling devices, as an optical material, as a component of tubular construction in heating elements and also in libraries for preserving books. Magnesium oxide microspheres are used in the enrichment method of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Usage: A useful laboratory reagent, and a good reference white color for colorimetry. The interaction of magnesium oxide substrates with nickel ferrite films has been investigated using a wide range of electron optical techniques. Considerable interdiffusion is observed, which is likely to alter the magnetic properties of these films. Epitaxial ferrite-spinel layer is formed on magnesium oxide substrate. Additionally, Magnesium oxide in nanoparticles dispersed in alcohol have been reported to inhibit hydrolytic and oxidative degradation of paper documents.

Usage limit: FAO / WHO (1984): milk powder 10 g / kg; cream powder 1 g / kg (both limited for vending machines).
FDA, § 184.143l, 2000: use GMP as limit.
Japan limits its usage for adsorption.

Uses: Magnesium oxide (MgO) is used as a lining for steel furnaces, as a component in ceramics, as food additives and pharmaceuticals, and to make strong window glass, fertilizers, paper, and rubber manufacturing.

Chemical Properties: Two forms of magnesium oxide exist: a bulky form termed light magnesium oxide and a dense form termed heavy magnesium oxide. The USP 32 and JP XV define both forms in a single monograph, while the BP 2009 and PhEur 6.4 have separate monographs for each form. For the heavy variety, 15 g has an apparent volume before settling of not more than 60 mL; for the light variety, 15 g has an apparent volume before settling of not more than 100mL as defined by the BP 2009 and PhEur 6.4.
Both forms of magnesium oxide occur as fine, white, odorless powders. Magnesium oxide possesses a cubic crystal structure, though the BP 2009 and PhEur 6.4 describe the appearance of light magnesium oxide as an amorphous powder.

Chemical Properties: A very bulky, white powder known as light magnesium oxide or a relatively dense, white powder known as heavy magnesium oxide. Five g of light magnesium oxide occupies a volume of approximately 40 to 50 mL, while 5 g of heavy magnesium oxide occupies a volume of approximately 10 to 20 mL. It is practically insoluble in water and is insoluble in alcohol. It is soluble in dilute acids.

Uses: MgO is an efficient moisture absorbent used by many libraries for preserving books. It is also one of the raw materials for making cement in dry process plants; specifically, Portland cement. If too much of MgO is added, the cement may become expansive. In medicine, magnesium oxide is used for relief of heartburn and sore stomach, as an antacid, magnesium supplement, and as a short-term laxative. It is also used to improve symptoms of indigestion. Side effects of magnesium oxide may include nausea and cramping.

Uses: manufacture of refractory crucibles, fire bricks, magnesia cements and boiler scale compounds, "powdered" oils, casein glue. Reflector in optical instruments; white color standard. Insulator at low temp.

Production Methods: Magnesium oxide occurs naturally as the mineral periclase. It can be manufactured by many processes. Limestone containing the mineral dolomite is calcinated at high temperatures to produce dolime, which then reacts with magnesium chloride-rich sea water to produce magnesium hydroxide and calcium chloride.The magnesium hydroxide is then calcinated to produce magnesium oxide and water. In another process, mined magnesite (MgCO₃) is calcinated to produce magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide. Purification methods include crushing and size separation, heavymedia heavymedia separation, and froth flotation. Producing magnesium oxide from sea water is a process that involves heating magnesium chloride concentrated brine from the Dead Sea. The magnesium chloride decomposes into magnesium oxide and hydrochloric acid.Magnesium oxide may also be produced by the thermal decomposition of magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium sulfite, nesquehonite, and the basic carbonate 5MgO·4CO₂·5H₂O. Purification of the magnesium oxide produced through thermal degradation is carried out by filtration or sedimentation.

Preparation: Magnesium oxide is easily formed by burning magnesium metal ribbon. Mg oxidizes and emits a bright white light, rich in ultraviolet and hard to extinguish. Extreme care must be taken if MgO is to be prepared by this method. Magnesia is a white solid mineral that occurs naturally as “Periclase” and is used as a source of magnesium metal. Magnesium oxide is hygroscopic in nature and care must be taken to protect it from moisture. It reacts with water and forms the hydroxide:
MgO＋H2O→Mg(OH)2
However, this reaction can be reversed by heating it to remove moisture.

Health Hazard: Magnesium oxide fume is an irritant of the eyes and nose.

Pharmaceutical Applications: Magnesium oxide is used as an alkaline diluent in solid-dosage forms to modify the pH of tablets.It can be added to solid-dosage forms to bind excess water and keep the granulation dry. In combination with silica, magnesium oxide can be used as an auxiliary glidant. It is also used as a food additive and as an antacid, either alone or in conjunction with aluminum hydroxide. Magnesium oxide is additionally used as an osmotic laxative and a magnesium supplement to treat deficiency states.

Industrial uses: Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a synthetic mineralproduced in electric arc furnaces or by sinteringof amorphous powder (periclase). Refractoryapplications consume a large quantity of MgO.Both brick and shapes are fabricated at leastpartially of sintered grain for use primarily inthe metal-processing industries. Heating unitinsulation is another major application for periclase.Principal advantages of periclase are itsthermal conductivity and electrical resistivity atelevated temperatures.
Specialty crucibles and shapes also are fabricatedfrom MgO. These are used in pyrometallurgicaland other purifying processes for specialtymetals. Both slip-casting and pressingtechniques are employed to manufactureshapes.
Thermocouple insulation comprises stillanother outlet for periclase. Since most of thesego into nuclear applications, a high-purity productis required. MgO is also an important glazeconstituent.
Single crystals of MgO have received attentionbecause of their use in ductile ceramic studies.Extreme purity is required in this area. Periclasewindows are also of potential interest ininfrared applications because of their transmissioncharacteristics.

Safety: Magnesium oxide is widely used in oral formulations as an excipient and as a therapeutic agent. Therapeutically, 250–500mg is administered orally as an antacid and 2–5g as an osmotic laxative. Magnesium oxide is generally regarded as a nontoxic material when employed as an excipient, although adverse effects, due to its laxative action, may occur if high doses are ingested orally.

storage: Magnesium oxide is stable at normal temperatures and pressures. However, it forms magnesium hydroxide in the presence of water. Magnesium oxide is hygroscopic and rapidly absorbs water and carbon dioxide on exposure to the air, the light form more readily than the heavy form.
The bulk material should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.

Incompatibilities: Magnesium oxide is a basic compound and as such can react with acidic compounds in the solid state to form salts such as Mg(ibuprofen)₂ or degrade alkaline-labile drugs.Adsorption of various drugs onto magnesium oxide has been reported, such as antihistamines, antibiotics (especially tetracyclines),salicylates, atropine sulfate,hyoscyamine hydrobromide, paracetamol, chloroquine; and anthranilic acid derivatives have been reported to adsorb onto the surface of magnesium oxide. Magnesium oxide can also complex with polymers, e.g. Eudragit RS, to retard drug release and can interact in the solid state with phenobarbitone sodium. Magnesium oxide can also reduce the bioavailability of phenytoin,trichlormethiazide,and antiarrhythmics.The presence of magnesium oxide can also have a negative impact on the solid-state chemical stability of drugs, such as diazepam.Magnesium oxide has been used as a stabilizer for omeprazole due to its strong waterproofing effect.

Regulatory Status: GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral capsules, tablets, and buccal). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

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11. Related Questions

: What is Magnesium Oxide? Magnesium oxide (chemical formula: MgO), also known as magnesia, is the oxide of magnesium, an ionic compound; it is a white solid at room temperature; Magnesium oxide exists in nature in the form of..; How are Nanostructured MgO Particles Synthesized?Various methods can be utilized for the synthesis of nanostructured MgO. Below, we delve into insights from commonly used chemical and biological synthesis methods, known as the bottom-up approach. Sp..; What are the properties and uses of Magnesium Oxide?Magnesium oxide, a hygroscopic fine white powder, reacts violently with strong acids. Crystal structure Magnesium oxide has a cubic structure. Electric properties Pure magnesium oxide is not conductiv..; Can Magnesium Oxide be Eaten Directly? Magnesium is a metal that cannot be consumed directly. While iron is essential for our blood cells, we cannot ingest iron in its metal form. Instead, iron salts such as iron sulfate, iron citrate, an..

12. Realated Product Infomation

1. Names and Identifiers

1.1 Name
1.2 Synonyms
1.3 CAS No.
1.4 EINECS(EC#)
1.5 Molecular Formula
1.6 Inchi
1.7 InChkey
1.8 Canonical Smiles
1.9 Isomers Smiles

2. Properties

2.1 Solubility
2.2 Appearance
2.3 Storage
2.4 Color/Form
2.5 PH
2.6 Water Solubility
2.7 Spectral Properties
2.8 Stability
2.9 StorageTemp

3. Use and Manufacturing

3.1 Agricultural Uses
3.2 Definition
3.3 Description
3.4 General Description
3.5 Potential Exposure
3.6 Shipping
3.7 Usage

4. Safety and Handling

4.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations
4.2 DisposalMethods
4.3 Safety Profile
4.4 Formulations/Preparations
4.5 Incompatibilities
4.6 Protective Equipment and Clothing
4.7 Reactivities and Incompatibilities
4.8 Report
4.9 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations
4.10 Safety
4.11 Sensitive
4.12 Specification
4.13 Toxicity

6. Synthesis Route

7. Precursor and Product

8. Computational chemical data

9. Other Information

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