What makes Apramycin sulfate an excellent drug for preventing and treating bacterial diarrhea?

Currently, there are many drugs available in clinical practice for preventing and treating bacterial diarrhea. These include Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Neomycin sulfate, Apramycin sulfate, Lijunqing, Gentamicin, Tilmicosin, and Quinethanol. However, some of these drugs have drawbacks that limit their widespread use. For example, quinolone drugs like Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin are bitter and have poor palatability, so they are often formulated as injections or coated powders, which can be costly. Amoxicillin, Gentamicin, and Tilmicosin are prone to developing resistance, making them less commonly used. Lijunqing, on the other hand, has high toxicity and affects growth, leading to its abandonment by pig farmers. Quinethanol, although effective against bacterial diarrhea, cannot be used in pigs weighing over 35kg, resulting in limited availability in the market. Neomycin sulfate and Apramycin sulfate are both aminoglycoside antibiotics, but Neomycin sulfate is more likely to develop resistance. Therefore, after careful comparison, Apramycin sulfate emerges as an excellent drug for preventing and treating bacterial diarrhea. Here are some personal insights I would like to share.

Apramycin sulfate is a yellow or brownish-yellow powder with hygroscopic properties and good solubility in water. Now, let's analyze it from four aspects.

1. Pharmacological Action

The mechanism of action of Apramycin sulfate is to interfere with the synthesis of ribosomal proteins in prokaryotes, thereby inhibiting harmful bacteria in animals. Apramycin sulfate belongs to the aminocyclitol class of antibiotics. It exhibits strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and some Gram-positive bacteria that are susceptible to infection in livestock and poultry. It is particularly effective against pathogenic bacteria such as multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella, and it is less likely to develop resistance.

2. Efficacy

1. Extraordinary Effectiveness: Apramycin sulfate demonstrates strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and some Gram-positive bacteria that are susceptible to infection in livestock and poultry. It effectively prevents and treats diarrhea, dysentery, and poor growth caused by bacterial infections in pigs, cattle, and chickens, showing remarkable efficacy.

2. High Efficiency: Some bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella, have developed resistance to drugs like Gentamicin, Kanamycin, and Amikacin. However, they are still susceptible to Apramycin sulfate, which remains effective without inducing resistance.

3. Prolonged Effect: After oral administration of Apramycin sulfate, it is slowly absorbed and stays in the intestines for about 3 days, prolonging the antibacterial effect and enhancing its bactericidal activity.

3. Administration

1. Use according to the formulated dosage form, either by intramuscular injection or oral administration.

2. For the treatment of viral diarrhea, it should be used in combination with antiviral drugs.

4. Precautions

1. This product has strong hygroscopicity and should be stored in a sealed container in a cool and dry place to prevent moisture.

2. It is susceptible to inactivation when exposed to rust, so rust prevention measures should be taken for drinking water equipment.

3. It is prohibited for use in laying hens during the egg-laying period.

4. When administering through drinking water, it is recommended to prepare the solution immediately before use.